| The Sino-Japanese war is an event in Chinese modern history,deeply impacted Chinese history after the war.Fengtian,as the main land battlefield,compared with the naval warfare which under "flags flying",It is also deserve to be concerned on.It is helpful to be comprehensive to understand the whole war that research on the generals in the Qing Dynasty of Fengtian,and it can also reflect the change from Chinese military system after the war.Fengtian is more important location which is the protected barrier in the Shanhai Pass and mausoleums of Nurhachi and Hong taiji.The Qing Dynasty suffered from setbacks in diplomacy at the beginning of the Sino-Japanese War,they decided to retreat form Korea,and guarded Fengtian scrupulously.Then it deployed armed forces,and tried it’s best to make a comprehensive military deployment.The defense in Fengtian battlefield takes the Yalu River and the Liaotung peninsula as the main lines of defense.Generals of Qing Dynasty army who battled in Fengtian were separated into Manchu generals,Huai Army generals and the others.Iktangga,Song Qing and Xu Bangdao were their representative.The defense and battle of the Qing Dynasty army can be divided into three phases.The first is defense of the Japanese NO.1 Army assaulting the eastern Liaoning area.It includes defending the defense of the Yalu River,scrambling the north of the eastern Liaoning area,retreating and defending the south of the eastern Liaoning area.The second is defending the Japanese NO.2 Army assaulting the southern Liaoning area.It includes Japanese army capturing the eastern Liaoning area and raising the siege of Haicheng by proceeding northward.The third phase is when Huai army is the main army of the Qing Dynasty,Qing Dynasty army proceeded decisive battle with Japanese army at the downstream of the Liao River.Including seesaw battles at Haicheng and the decisive battle at the downstream of the Liao River.In the whole battles in Fengtian,generals of the Qing Dynasty army have light spots both in strategies and tactics.Each side evaluated generals of Qing Dynasty army after the war on the low side,and their views were different.Evaluations of this group from domestic sides reflected in every side,and present periodic traits.As the enemy of the war,Japan analysis and evaluate the Qing Dynasty army form will and tactics.However,international public opinion always evaluated them by military system,and give out advices of innovating military system.After the war,the Qing Dynasty realized the backwardness of military system gradually by introspecting Qing Dynasty army(ground force),after a long struggle,they decided to train the army by western ways.The establishment of new army and self-strengthening army signified the start of establishing Late Qing Dynasty new army.Late Qing Dynasty new army carried out substantive innovations in each side;they were establishment,training,logistics,recruiting soldiers,selection of officials,military disciplines and so on.Chinese military system had a new change. |
