The Research On Bin-xing Organization Of Hunan Province In The Late Qing Period

This thesis focuses on Hunan's Bin-Xing Organization that freely funded the local scholars to take the imperial exam in the late Qing Dynasty.While the foundation and the development of the organization are discussed,the management systems and Bin-Xing's impact onHunan's society are also interpreted through Hunan's chorography in the late Qing Dynasty.Since the foundation of Qing Dynasty,multiple actions have taken throughout time to consolidate the domination.The most important one was to enroll the talents by encouraging scholars to take the imperial examination,which contributed greatly to the birth of Bin-Xing.Secondly,living in the Jia Dao period marked by turbulence and intranquility,the gentry class were trying to bring the country back to life by revitalizing the cultural education,which also led to the birth of Bin-Xing.The organization had undergone three phases:rapid development in the Jia Dao period,destruction and restoration in Tong Xian period,and distinction in the Guang Xu period.When its development characteristics are considered,the organization can be separated geographically into 4 regions:Mid,North,South,and West Hunan.Not only officials,gentry class but also the general public have contributed to the development of Bin-Xing Organization.The foundation and management of the organization was the common efforts of all social classes.Its impact was so enormous that it pushed forward the entire cultural education of Hunan and assured the sustained and stable development of the society.During the progress,the gentry's class was able to set foot in other public domains through the organization and gradually became the center of local social power.However,everything comes to an end and the organization is no exception.Chained by policy,Bin-Xing Organization failed to transform into the modern charity organization and faded away in time like a drop of water falling into the river of history.However,it's worth mentioning that the continuous development of Bin-xing attributed greatly to its scientific and systematic management,which includes the registration of relevant properties,good choices of managers,systematic regulations and efficient supervisions,and so on.Better yet,the inscription and the compiling of Bin-Xing's own biography are of great benefit to the philanthropy at that time.