Research On Subsistence Of Dawenkou Culture

Dawenkou culture,an important archaeology culture in Haidai area,is a critical period for the establishment and development of agriculture in this area.By the case studies of botanic remains in Beiqian,Dawenkou and Jiaojia site that range from early to middle-late Dawenkou culture,combined with existing researches,This thesis focuses on the subsistence of Dawenkou culture.According to the discoveries of botanic remains and the cultural types of Dawenkou culture,Haidai area is divided into four areas:Jiaodong peninsula,northern Shandong,central-south Shandong and northern Anhui.We separately analyze the agriculture and gathering of each area,meanwhile,contrasting similarities and differences of production mode and manner of using plant resource between above areas.During early Dawenkou culture,dominance of agriculture got.established.Agriculture was the main way to obtain plant foods while gathering occupied lower proportion.Plant food utilization differed from regions,rice-millet farming basically formed.Jiaodong peninsula engaged a rainfed agriculture dominated by broomcorn millet and supplemented with a small amount of foxtail millet and rice as well.Agriculture may not take dominant position in the field production,and gathering economy still occupied definite proportion.The agricultural form of central-south Shandong is a typical rainfed agriculture dominated by foxtail millet and broomcorn millet,while a small amount of rice was also planted.Foxtail millet and broomcorn millet were similar in status,and agriculture was the main livelihood.Result of Gongzhuang site reflects a single rice agriculture with only oak as gathering resource.However,the sample amount is small and the result does not necessarily reflect the whole picture of the site and the region.In the middle-late Dawenkou culture,agriculture developed rapidly with increasing varieties of crops.The proportion of collecting economy decreased.In the process of the formation of rice-millet farming,the status of broomcorn millet decreased while rice and foxtail millet were intensified.Jiaojia site presents a rainfed agriculture dominated by foxtail millet with a small amount of broomcorn millet and hemp in northern Shandong.The amount and type of crops appear to be not incompatible with the high level of the settlement,which possibly is related to the excavation position in 2016.In northern Anhui,which is represented by Yangbao,Luchengzi and Yuchisi sites,is generally rice-millet farming.There are some differences about agricultural structure in above three sites.Wild food resources are not rich.Rice is more important than millets in Yangbao site.Foxtail millet is the most important in Luchengzi site,followed by rice,broomcorn millet is not found.Rice and millet share similar position in Yuchisi site.The causes of this pattern mainly include natural and humanistic factors.The differences in water and temperature should be the main reason for the different agricultural types in each region.Rice planting may be influenced by archaeologycultures from Southern China.