Study On The Prehistoric Society And The Early Process Of Civilization In Haidai Region

Haidai area is a concentrated area of prehistoric cultural sites,has experienced a Houli culture,Beixin culture,Dawenkou culture,Longshan culture,and developed into Yue Shi culture when.In the case of the local culture as the leading,Haidai area completed the development of social productive forces,and the germination,emergence and development of the whole process of civilization factors,with its obvious cultural characteristics,clear development and strong persistence.Therefore the origin of prehistoric civilization in Haidai area is an important content of the origin of Chinese civilization.The process of civilization in the Haidai region has gone through four stages.The first stage is matriarchal stage,about 8000~7300 years ago.This stage has been cultivated millet,millet and rice,collection still accounts for a certain proportion,the scale of crop cultivation may not be large,on the other hand began to domesticated pigs and dogs.Pottery production process is still relatively simple and even the original,and there are suitable for cultivation of crops and stone tools.The settlement pattern of Xihe and Xiaojinshan sites shows the equal society of the matriarchal clan.Clan members who lived a collective life before his death and had equal status and clan wealth,implemented exogamy,and after death,they consciously buried in oder in public cemetery with the form of single burial.At the same time this stage has the early religious beliefs,when people hold some kind of activity,they will conducted sacrifice.The second stage is the embryonic stage of the elements of civilization,about 7300~ 5500 years ago.On the basis of the previous,the social production of the Haidai area in the early days of the Beixin culture and the Dawenkou culture has overall development and progress,the scope of crop cultivation was expanded,domestic pigs and other livestock breeding was more common,and professional tools gradually popular.Pottery production began to use wheeling technology,also there have been decorative jade,textile technology.In Beixin culture Dawenkou sites and Beizhuangsites,the settlement patterns including houses,tombs,reflected the presence of accidentally marriage family at this stage.However,the tombs of Dawenkou early cultures in Dawenkou sites,Wangyin sites,Lliulin sites,illustrated part of the region has begun to gradually transition from matriarchy to patriarchy,when most of the area is still in the accidentally marriage family stage.The phenomenon of placing turtle in the pits of Dongjiabai sites,indicating that there was a certain development of religious beliefs.The third stage is the culmination of the elements of civilization and the early stages of the country,about 5500~4500 years old.The productivity of the Haidai region has made considerable progress,which was manifested in a significant increase in food crop production,livestock raising was more common,and pottery,jade,textile industry and other handicrafts spun off from agricultural production.Simultaneously,small families had become an independent living unit,but small families rely on family production activities,which family lived collective life under the leadership of a patriarch.With the establishment of patriarchy,male dominate the production and life.And,the gap between rich and poor increased.The portrayal of the Dawenkou culture seems to indicate that there was already a leader worship.The fourth stage is the state of the country,about 4500~4000 years old.At this stage,agriculture and handicrafts were still long-term steady development,the housing construction reached a fairly high level,many symbols engraved on the pottery in Dinggong sites were found,which were identified as words,and the large-scale ritual phenomenon in Tenghualuo sites were discovered,all of these reflected the development of social productive forces and the prosperity of social cultural.Longshan cuture stage has been completely designed polygamous family stage,at the same time,those walls,trenches,palace buildings,gatekeepers in Chengziya,Wuliangdantu,Tenghualuo and other large Longshan cultural city,instructed that there was a mandatory public power and appeared early country.So,Haidai area achieved a leap from primitive society to a civilized society in Longshan culture stage.Finally,the comparison between the Haidai area and the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River in the productive forces and social evolution,that shows the status and function of the Haidai region in the early history of civilization.The process of civilization evolution in four stages of the Haidai region provides another important cultural relics for Morgan,Engels’ theory of civilization and thetheory of early countries.From the gradual formation of the patriarchal family commune in Medium-term Dawenkou culture to the The appearance of specially polygamous family in late Dawenkou culture,this period experienced at least 1000,duration is longer,this has to do with Engels think of before the agricultural society to civilization after the onset of most of the time in my marriage family stage,only in front of the designed polygamous families appear within a short period of different point of view is the patriarchal family commune.