The Study On The Appellation Compilation Of Chinese Textbooks

Appellation is an important part for interpersonal communication,which is also the first step for the learner who use Chinese as the second language in the communication exchange.It is one of conditions for holding a free-flowing conversation to choose a proper address form.We need take many factors into account when we choose an appellation,such as status,ages,circumstances and so on,which pose new challenges for many current Chinese teaching materials.How to teach learners Chinese appellation under circumstance of ensuring the textbook have a moderate difficulty is a worthy question to explore.This paper put forward reasonable standard of classification and important appellation categories based on the former research,which includes social appellation,relationship appellation,profession and job title appellation,kinship address.I choose the typical Chinese textbook,BoYa Chinese,as research material.Research includes as following:quantitative analysis of appellation,compare compilation of new edition to old edition.The specific content includes the changes of appellation distribution,frequency analysis of Chinese address forms,construction of appellation and so on.Find BoYa Chinese series textbooks problems and progress in the aspect of appellation compilation.In the new edition,some articles are recognized so that some difficult vocabularies are deleted or replaced with simple words.Because these words have new meaning which can cause ambiguity with the development of social.Of course,there are progress in the aspect of appellation paraphrase.The new edition use more simple words to explain new vocabulary and add illustrative paraphrasing,so connotation of address forms is more specific.However,there are still some problems,which cause learners cannot use appellation properly.For example,some learners can not detect indirect appellation or direct appellation.We all know meaning of some Chinese kinship appellations are not equal to English.This study also offered some relevant suggestions based on the "Level of Chinese Vocabulary and Chinese Characters Outline" and the Chinese language database developed by PKU.Haircut some appellations that are not recorded in Level of Chinese Vocabulary and Chinese Characters Outline.These appellations also have low frequency in Chinese language database.Finally,put forward four principles about paraphrase of address forms that are functionalism,cross-cultural principle,politeness principles and emotional principle.Firstly,the appellation are functional and the commonest words in daily communication,which can satisfy the need of conversation.Secondly,translation of address forms needs cross-cultural awareness.Therefore,the translation must illustrate Chinese culture.Thirdly,politeness principles requires learners should be modesty and polite,which is a necessary condition to a good dialogue.Last one,emotional principle is very important to talk with strangers.We often cut short the psychological distance with strangers to deliver our needs.We can achieve the aim by raising their status or call a lady with a younger appellation.Translation should considerate implication of appellation,the suitable identity,situation,and cultural meaning,.We can offer illustrative explanation,the use of appellation scenarios,exclusive forum and common skills.Teachers should teach use methods of appellation.Firstly,instruct language points of address form,such as combinational form,honorifics,combination methods of last name,"old" or "small"with address.Secondly,instruct cultural meaning,including self-abasing terms,honorifics and relatives appellation terms.Finally,teachers should instruct application strategy,which could show respect,politeness and zeal.Only in this way can students understand usage method of address forms,so as to ensure the smooth interaction.