The Study On The Zengguan In The Southern Dynasties

The Zengguan refers to the civil and military officials that the state gave to the deceased after the death of the individual.It aims to commend the deceased to express the mourning of the emperor.The donation system is one of the most important honorary reward systems in the Northern and Southern Dynasties.Wars in the Southern and Northern Dynasties were frequent and the Dynasties changed.Gifts have become an effective way for rulers to commend and give special treatment to officials.It sprouted in the Western Han Dynasty,inherited from the Eastern Han Dynasty,developed further during the Three Kingdoms,Two Jin and Southern and Northern Dynasties,and gradually became procedural in the process of granting.There is a certain limit to the official grade of the giftee,and the grades eligible for gifts in the Southern Dynasty are usually five or more items,but there are special circumstances.The rulers will not give gifts to those who have been slain by the criminals,those who failed in the United Front,those who indicated that they did not accept grants,and the turbulent times of the dynasty.They will be rewarded for maintaining lofty integrity,knowledgeable people,and rising family status.The ruler will give gifts.During the Southern Dynasties,the agencies for awarding gifts were mainly composed of departments such as Shangshu,Zhongshu and Menxia,etc.The personnel who participated in the grant decision mainly included records of Shushang,eight books,Shangshanglang,Zhongshu Ling,Zhong Shi Lang,and Yao Shi.Chinese and Sangong,etc.,through the agreement of the personnel of these institutions,the contents of the gift can be finalized.The governor dispatches the leader,the priest Shu Pu,the Dahongxuan or Zhongshe Sheren and other personnel to go to inform the proclamation.After the presentation of this procedure,the gift will be finalized.Regarding the agreed institutions for awarding gifts and teaching personnel,compared with the period of the two Jin and Northern Wei Dynasty,the Southern Dynasties were both in the same strain and developed.In the Southern Dynasties,due to the frequent change of dynasties,the contents of the gifts were complicated and varied.The object of donation can be divided into three categories: Zhugong and Qingfu,three provincial officials,and general.After a statistical analysis of the contents of the gift of the Four Dynasties,it was found that the gift system of the Southern Dynasties was closely related to the door and valve system.During this period,the imperial power gradually revived,but it will still be affected by the door valve society.The ruler then gradually increased the political status of the secondary doors and the cold doors by means of gift-giving,strengthened the position of the imperial power,weakened the power of the high-level gates and the tribe,indirectly adjusted the doors,and re-adjusted the social order.By understanding the development and evolution of the system of giving gifts from an overall and macro perspective,we can further explore the internal relationship between the content of gifts and the system of gates and doors,and grasp the close relationship between gifts and officials at that time.