An Investigation On The Current Situation Of Ningmapa Monasteries In Gannan Area

Tibetan Buddhism,commonly known as Lamaism,is the fusion of religion from Buddhism introduced to the Q inghai-Tibet Plateau from India and from Bon,the indigenous one.Since the 11^{t h} century,Tibetan Buddhism has gradually evolved out of five factions:N ingmapa,Kagyupa,Kadampa,Sakyapa and Gelugpa.As a fraction of Tibetan Buddhism that spreads the longest time in Gannan,a region in Gansu Province,N ingmapa has its own particularity.During the northern song dynasty,N ingmapa has formally passed into the area,it has experienced the rapid development of the yuan dynasty and the slow development of the Ming and qing dynasties.The survey found that there were eight of the remaining N ingmapa monasteries in gannan,including 1 in the hezuo,4 in xiahe,2 in marqu and 1 in zhuoni.The analysis found that the N ingmapa monasteries had three distinct characteristics.First is the temple monks,divided into becoming a monk and home two kinds,the former is called the"root DuiBa",long in the temple,there are strict in discipline,strict hierarchy and system Xue Jing system;The latter is known as the"keiba woo",which is used to produce at home and can get married and have children,only to return to the monastery to participate in religious activities during the leisure and holiday season.Second,the architecture of the monastery is small and simple.The temple is usually built mainly in the main structure of the hall,and is relatively large,with a relatively low building such as a buddhist monk’s house,a kitchen,and a wood house.Once again,the site of the temple is located in the area of the"back mountain water",which is an important criterion for choosing the site of the ningma monastery.O f the eight existing monasteries,three are in the"backside water"zone and three monasteries,while only two monasteries are relatively flat.In the historical period,N ingmapa was a prominent place in Tibetan Buddhism,which had a great influence on the political,cultural development and national unity of Gannan region.At present,the further development of the Gannan Ningmapa is faced with the dilemma such as the decrease of enlightenment function,the obvious tendency of secularization and the narrowing of influence scope.How to effectively solve these problems,to further promote the N ingmapa in the Gannan region of peace,orderly development,is a top priority.