| Inflammation is an immune response of host to endogenous and exogenous stimuli,which is directly and indirectly linked to the development of various chronic diseases.It was caused by peripheral tissue injury is accompanied by pain(persistent spontaneous pain,pain sensitivity and tenderness),and obvious reactions such as redness,swelling and heat.Moreover,pain indicates that the body has being suffered tissue damage or suggests that it is about to suffer damage.On one hand,pain causes a series of defensive reactions through the regulation of the nervous system,On the other hand,it is a kind of intolerable mental torture to the body,which seriously affects study,work,diet and sleep.Finally,economic and social problems can not be ignored due to the decrease of life quality.However,there is no specific drug treatment for inflammation and many related diseases.Recently natural products attracted much attention due to its health benefits on anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities.Ganoderma atrum,a member of natural medicinal or nutritional mushroom,is a famous natural food material,along with anti-tumor,hypoglycemic,immune regulation and other functions.In this paper,the active components of Ganoderma atrum were extracted by Alcohol.The anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of alcohol extract of Ganoderma atrum were observed by both in vitro and in vivo through cell culture and animal experimental models.Through the establishment of animal model and cell model,the three kinds of analgesic experiments of formalin,hot plate and writhing tests were used to observe the analgesic effect of alcohol extract of Ganoderma atrum;anti-inflammatory effects were observed by acetic acid writhing,macrophage anti-inflammatory test and leukocyte exudation.The results are as follows:1.The alcohol extract of Ganoderma atrum had obvious inhibitory effect on mice pain caused by thermal stimulation,and it exerts better analgesic effect in a certain range with the increase of the administration dose and the incubation period of the agent;In the writhing response,the alcohol extract could reduce the number of writhing responses induced by acetic acid in mice,and the effect is highest in the high dose group.In the formalin-induced pain test,the alcohol extract of Ganoderma atrum exerted morphine similar analgesic effect.These results suggestd that the analgesic mechanisms of alcohol extract of Ganoderma atrum was similar to that of morphine,and the analgesic effect of alcohol extract of Ganoderma atrum was antagonized by naloxone,indicating that its analgesic effect might be achieved through opioid receptors.2.The alcohol extract of Ganoderma atrum could significantly reduce the exudation of stimulated leukocytes,it also had a significant inhibitory effect on acetic acid-induced increase in capillary permeability of mice.In the inflammatory reaction induced by LPS,it might be involved in inflammation regulation by inhibiting the secretion of NO by macrophages.Based on the above results,we found that the Ganoderma atrum alcohol extract shows a potent anti-inflammatory effect.3.Compared with the LPS group,the alcohol extract of Ganoderma atrum could remarkably reduce the phagocytosis of macrophages and inhibit the secretion of IL-1βand NO as well as up-regulate the release of anti-inflammatory cytokine(IL-10)the generation of mannose receptor(MR),which suggested that the mechanism of the anti-inflammation of the alcohol extract of Ganoderma atrum was linked to the recognization of MR.Moreover,along with the pretreatment of Anti-MR,the inhibitory effect of alcohol extract of Ganoderma atrum on LPS-induced inflammatory reaction was decreased evidently,which potentially illustrated the regulatory effect of MR in associationt with the anti-inflammation of the alcohol extract of Ganoderma atrum.Taken together,the activies of the alcohol extract of Ganoderma atrum involved in the anti-inflammation and analgesia were demonstrated in our study,and further researches indicated that its mechanism might be closely related to its activities on MR express in macrophages. |
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