| Aim To investigate lifestyle factors that associate with diabetes(DM)in different ethnic groups,and to analyze the impact of tea consumption on diabetes in different ethnic groups in China.Methods This study,based on the national key research and development program of China,is a multi-ethnic,multi-center,cross-sectional survey.The demographic information,sociological data,general lifestyles,physical examination and laboratory test results of 20-70 year residents who participated in the project from November 2016 to June 2017 are collected and compiled.The data that includes 6 ethnic groups(Han,Zhuang,Korean,Dai,Kazak and Uyghur)are collected from 8 centers in 7 provinces.Univariate analysis is performed,in which measurement data and counting data comparison between groups are conducted by Mann-Whitney U test and Pearson chi-square test,respectively.These P<0.2 variables are selected and combined with the factors reported in those former literatures.Unconditional logistic regression is used to screen out independent factors related to lifestyles of diabetes in different ethnic groups.According to the results,the impact of tea consumption on the risk of diabetes is analyzed;moreover,partial correlation analysis is used to explore the correlation between the frequency of tea consumption and the risk of diabetes in Chinese population.Data analysis is performed using SPSS 22.0 and Stata 15.0 statistical software,and the difference is statistically significant at P < 0.05.Results 1.Basic characteristics Among the total 11,472 people,the prevalence of diabetes is 13.4%,of which 898(7.8%)are newly diagnosed and 647(5.6%)are diagnosed previously.The average age of patients is higher than that of non-cases,and the rate of newly diagnosed or diagnosed DM is higher in men than women.In order to avoid bias,the diagnosed diabetics are excluded.Finally 10,825 people,including 3,068 Han,1,886 Zhuang,1,334 Koreans,1,949 Dai,853 Kazaks,and 1,735 Uyghurs are included in the analysis of relevant factors with an average of 49±13 years old.The average age of Han is the oldest(54±11 years old),and the average age of the Uyghurs is the youngest(39±12 years old);meanwhile,overall female accounts for 68.6% of the population.2.The association between lifestyles and the risk of diabetes in different ethnic groups in China Through a multivariate unconditional logistic regression,the results shows that alcohol consumption,total food intake,meat intake,fruit consumption,and tea consumption regularly are independent lifestyle factors associate with the diabetes.After stratifying the ethnic groups,the independent factors related to the lifestyle for diabetes in different ethnic groups are different:(1)Vegetable intake is negatively correlated with the risk of DM in Han;(2)The total food intake daily is related to the risk of DM of “U-shaped” in Zhuang;(3)Drinking is positively correlated with the risk of DM in Koreans;(4)Drinking,sedentary workdays are positively correlated with the risk of DM,and meat intake is associated with a U-shaped risk of diabetes in Dai;(5)Drinking is positively correlated with the risk of diabetes,however,meat intake is related to the risk of DM of “U-shaped” in Kazak;(6)Meat intake is positively correlated with the risk of DM in Uyghur.3.Correlation between regularly tea consumption and risk of diabetes.The prevalence of diabetes in the “tea consumption daily”,“tea consumption at least once a week”,“tea consumption at least once a month” and “never drink tea” groups are: 12.7%,12.7%,11.1%,and 15.2%.After removing the diagnosed DM patients,the new diagnostic prevalence of diabetes is 7.2%,7.7%,7.4%,and 9.8%;and further results as follows,(1)Tea consumption is associated with 32% [0.68(0.54,0.87)],22% [0.77(0.64,0.93)],31% [0.69(0.56,0.89)] and 26% [0.74(0.61,0.90)] reduction in the risk of diabetes in women,over 45 years old,non-drinkers and non-smokers,respectively.(2)After adjusting these confounding such as gender,age,body mass index(BMI),systolic blood pressure(SBP),triglyceride(TG),education level,family history of diabetes,smoking history,drinking history,vegetable intake,fruit intake,meat intake,daily food intake,sedentary workdays and weekly sports,compared with non-consumer,“drinking tea every day” is associated with a 22% reduction in the risk of diabetes.And the partial correlation analysis shows that the risk of diabetes decreases gradually with the increase of tea consuming frequency,and the correlation coefficient is-0.02,P for trend is 0.04(<0.05).4.Correlation between tea types and risk of diabetes.Compared with other tea consumption groups,the prevalence of diabetes in black tea consumption group is the lowest(8.8%).After the removal of diagnosedDM population,the newly diagnostic prevalence of DM for black tea consumption remains the lowest(5.0%).Furthermore,after adjusting confounding such as gender,age,BMI,SBP,TG,educated level,family history of diabetes,smoking history,drinking history,vegetable intake,fruit intake,meat intake,food intake daily,sedentary workdays and weekly sports,black tea consumption group is associated with a 45% reduction in the risk of DM,as OR: 0.55(0.42,0.72),compared with non-consumer.Conclusion 1.The different lifestyles of different ethnic groups in China have different effects on the occurrence of diabetes.Health guidance should be carried out according to the characteristics of ethnic customs.2.In China,regularly tea consumption is associated with a reduced risk of diabetes in women,individuals over 45 years old,non-drinkers or non-smokers,respectively.3.The frequency of tea consumption is negatively correlated with the risk of diabetes in China,and daily tea consumption exerts the strongest impact on reducing the risk of diabetes.4.Black tea consumption is associated with a reduced risk of diabetes in China,suggesting that black tea consumption is preventive for diabetes and further prospective cohort studies are required. |
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