| Objective:The dynamic analysis was carried out on the prevalence of several common chronic diseases: obesity,hyperlipidemia,fatty liver,hyperglycemia,hypertension and hyperuricemia among the physical examination population of the Kindergarten,primary and secondary school teachers in a district of Chongqing in 2008,2014,2016 and 2018 to understand the main nutritional and health problems,characteristics of chronic diseases and the influence of different age,sex and body mass index(BMI)on the prevalence rate of this population.It aims to provide scientific basis for health education,life guidance and chronic diseases prevention and control of the population and offer reference for the government to formulate relevant medical and health policies.Methods:In this study,the in-service,emeritus and retired teachers of kindergartens and primary and secondary schools in Yuzhong District,Chongqing City were taken as respondents and four retrospective analyses were conducted on 23,318 people,who were selected by random sampling method,focusing on their physical examination data of 2008,2014,2016 and 2018 obtained from three fixed physical examination hospitals(Grade A Class 3).The latest diagnostic criteria were used for the diagnosis of relevant chronic diseases so as to make statistical analysis on the incidence of common diseases suffered by these people in 10 years,the changes of overweight and obesity in different ages,genders and body mass indexes and the changes in incidence of common chronic diseases suffered by these people,such as hyperlipemia,fatty liver,hyperglycemia and hyperuricemia,etc.Besides,the multiple-factor analysis was conducted with regard to the incidence of several common chronic diseases.IBM SPSS Statistics Software 25.0 was used for data analysis.Results:1.The overall detection rate for the common diseases in the population: during the 15 common diseases detected in the four physical examinations from 2008 to 2018,hyperlipidemia,hyperuricemia,fatty liver,hypertension,hyperglycemia,osteoporosis and hepatic cyst have a detection rate of more than 10% for more than three physical examinations.Hyperlipidemia ranked the first in the detection rate for four physical examinations with 18.68%,35.05%,34.44% and 29.57% respectively in 2008,2014,2016 and 2018.2.Detection rate of overweight and obesity in population: the detection rates of overweight in three physical examinations of male population in 2014,2016 and 2018 and obesity in two physical examinations in 2014 and 2018 were higher than those of female population(P<0.05);the prevalence of overweight in 2008 and obesity in 2008 and 2016 were also higher in males than in females,but there was no significant difference(P>0.05).From the data of four physical examinations in 2008,2014,2016 and 2018,it has shown that the detection rate of physical emaciation in female population is higher than that in male population(p<0.05).From the results of body mass test,it can be shown that the rate of overweight and obesity in this population was the highest: 32.55% and 8.93%,respectively in 2018,and the rate of overweight and obesity in 2014 and 2018 was higher than that in 2008(p<0.05),and the rate of overweight and obesity in 2018 was significantly higher than in 2016(p<0.05).3.The prevalence rate of hyperlipidemia,fatty liver,hyperglycemia,hypertension and hyperuricemia in different gender groups: there were significant differences between different genders(p<0.05).The detection rate on hypertension in 2018,hyperlipidemia in 2014 and 2016,hyperuricemia in 2016 and 2018 and hyperglycemia and fatty liver in 2014,2016 and 2018 were higher in males than those in females(p<0.05).At other time points during the four physical examinations,there was no difference in the detection rates of the five diseases between male and female groups.4.Prevalence of hyperlipidemia,fatty liver,hyperglycemia,hypertension and hyperuricemia in different age groups: there were significant differences in prevalence among different age groups(P<0.05).By comparing population over 60 years of age and those aged 45~59,except that there was no significant difference in the detection rate of hyperlipidemia between the two groups in 2008 and 2014 and detection rate of fatty liver in 2008,the above five chronic diseases had a higher detection rate in the population over 60 years of age than those aged 45~59(p<0.05);and the detection rate in the population over 60 years of age was higher than those aged≤44(p<0.05)in the four physical examinations in 2008,2014,2016 and 2018.By comparing population aged between 45~59 and those aged ≤44,except that there was no significant difference in the detection rate of hyperlipidemia between 2008 and 2016 and hyperuricemia in 2008 and 2016,the above five chronic diseases had a higher detection rate in the population aged between 45~59 than those aged ≤44in the four physical examinations(p<0.05).5.Prevalence of hyperlipidemia,fatty liver,hyperglycemia,hypertension and hyperuricemia in different BMI populations: in the four physical examinations for obese population in 2008,2014,2016 and 2018,the detection rates on five diseases of hyperlipidemia,hyperglycemia,hypertension,hyperuricemia and fatty liver were higher than those of the lean population(p < 0.05).By comparing obese population and normal population,except that there was no significant difference in the detection rate of hyperlipidemia in 2012,the above five chronic diseases had a higher detection rate in the obese population than those in the normal population(p<0.05).The obese population has a higher detection rate on hyperuricemia and hyperglycemia in 2014,2016 and 2018 than those in overweight population(p<0.05),and a higher detection rate on hypertensionin 2014,2018 and hyperlipidemia in 2014 than those in overweight population(p<0.05);the overweight population has a higher detection rate on hyperlipidemia,hypertension,hyperuricemia and fatty liver diseases in the four physical examinations in 2008,2014,2016 and 2018 than those in normal weight population(p<0.05)the overweight population also has a significant higher detection rate on hyperglycemiain 2014,2016 and 2018 than those in normal weight population and a significant higher detection rate onhyperglycemiain2014 and 2018 than emaciation population.By comparing normal weight population and emaciated population,normal weight population has a higher detection rate on hyperlipidemiain 2014 and 2016,hypertension in 2008 and 2014,hyperuricemia in 2014,2016 and 2018 and fatty liver in 2008,2014 and 2018.6.Total prevalence of hyperlipidemia,fatty liver,hyperglycemia,hypertension and hyperuricemia in four physical examinations: the detection rate on five chronic diseases of hyperlipidemia,fatty liver,hyperglycemia,hypertension and hyperuricemia were higher in 2014,2016 and 2018 than in 2008 in this population(p < 0.05);the prevalence of hyperlipidemia in this population was lower in 2018 than in 2014 and 2016(p<0.05).During the five chronic diseases,the detection rate on hyperlipidemia ranked first in the four physical examinations.The detection rate of hypertension in 2016 and 2018 was higher than that in 2014(p<0.05),but was lower in 2018 than in 2016(p<0.05);the detection rate on hyperglycemia was the highest in 2018,and detection rates on hyperuricemia in 2014,2016 and 2018 were 22.2%,20.2% and 22.1% respectively,which were higher than those in 2008(p<0.05);the detection rate of fatty liver in 2014 was significantly higher than that in 2016 and 2018(p<0.05).The detection rate of fatty liver decreased gradually in 2016 and 2018,but the difference was not statistically significant.7.Logistic regression analysis of influencing factors of prevalence of hyperlipidemia,fatty liver,hyperglycemia,hypertension and hyperuricemia: taking female as the reference gender,except that hyperlipidemia,OR was 0.82,the OR values of hyperglycemia,hyperuricemia and fatty liver were 1.25,1.63 and 1.29,respectively(p<0.05);taking age ≤44as the reference age,the older the age,the greater the OR value(p<0.05);taking normal body weight as the reference body mass status,the risk of chronic diseases increases with the increase of BMI(p<0.05),and the OR value of obese people was also higher than that of overweight people.Conclusions:1.Based on the overall detection rate of common diseases in four physical examinations,chronic diseases such as hyperlipidemia,hyperglycemia,hypertension,hyperuricemia and fatty liver have a higher prevalence rate,and some have an increasing trend.Chronic diseases are still a major health concern among the teachers.2.Among this population,the rates of overweight and obesity are gradually increasing in recent years and rise with age.The prevalence of overweight and obesity in the elderly was significantly higher than that in the young and the overall trend of overweight and obesity rates are higher in the male population than those in the female population.3.From the overall trend for the above five chronic diseases in the four physical examinations,it has shown that in this population,the prevalence of chronic diseases increases with age,and the prevalence of these diseases is higher in the elderly and middle-aged population than in the young population and elderly population is higher than those in the middle-aged population.The prevalence of chronic diseases also increases with the increase of BMI.Overweight and obese population has a higher prevalence rate than those in the normal weight population and male also has a higher risk than female. |
