Advance In Diagnosis And Treatment Of Anemiaand Iron Deficiency In Heart Failure

Heart failure is the serious presentation of heart diseases or at the late stage.At present,pathogenesis and treatment of heart failure have already made significant progress,but it is still not optimistic with the improvement.Anemia and iron deficiency are common combinations of heart failure.Both conditions,together or independently,are associated with poor outcomes.Actively correcting anemia and iron deficiency can help improve symptoms and quality of patients' life with heart failure.In recent years,erythropoiesis-stimulating agents have been commonly used to correct anemia in patients with heart failure,but they do not improve prognosis and increase the risk of adverse events.Iron therapy can be used to correct iron deficient anemia,but the effect of iron therapy on heart failure patients with iron deficiency is not completely clear.Oral iron supplementation is convenient and readily available,and intravenous iron supplementation can improve symptoms and exercise capacity,but the long-term efficacy and safety of both need further study.This article reviews the causes,pathogenesis and treatment of anemia and iron deficiency in patients with heart failure.