Research About Application Of CD19~+ Extracellular Vesicles As Tumor Markers

Extracellular vesicles include some kinds of nanoscale particles with lipid bilayers At present,they are mostly divided into exosomes,microvesicles and apoptotic bodies according to their sizes and sources.As a cell-to-cell communication medium,extracellular vesicles carry a variety of substances,such as DNA,RNA,proteins,and lipids.Generally speaking,all kinds of living cells will release extracellular vesicles,and these vesicles will have some characteristics of parent cells,which makes the study of extracellular vesicles reflect the characteristics of their parent cells.Extracellular vesicles exist in blood,urine,milk,cerebrospinal fluid and some other body fluidEarly clinical diagnosis of tumors,especially non-invasive blood tests,is particularly important for early cancer screening and reducing patient mortality Extracellular vesicles and their contents play an important role in tumorgenesis,metastasis,and resistance to chemotherapy.Extracellular vesicles derived from different organs and cells contain microRNAs and proteins,and scientists have found their correlation with tumorgenesis,invasion,metastasis,and cell proliferation,so they can be used for early screening of tumors.Extracellular vesicles have been increasingly studied in the diagnosis,prognosis and treatment of tumors,and have been expanded to a variety of cancers including liver cancer,lung cancer,breast cancer,nasopharyngeal cancer,and prostate cancer.In this paper,we first analyzed and identified the extracted extracellular vesicles,and confirmed that Raji cell-derived extracellular vesicles can be used as a positive control for high expression of CD 19,and can be used to calculate the extracellular vesicle content and OD value in serum.By collecting and analyzing serum samples of clinical patients and normal people,we found that the levels of CD 19+EVs in serum of patients with breast cancer,lung cancer,gastric cancer,and colon cancer were significantly higher than those in normal people,and their levels had nothing to do with tumor stage.At the same time,we obtained the results of CEA detection using known tumor clinical test diagnostic indicators,and found that the results obtained by using CEA detection methods were significantly less valuable than CD 19+EVs.Next,we tested the serum of patients with gastritis and enteritis,and found that the amount of CD 19+EVs in the serum of patients with inflammation was not different from that of normal people,so it means that the amount of CD19+EVs can be used to distinguish cancer and inflammation.In the end,we collected a large number of gastric and colon cancer patients’serum samples for confirmation,and found that the CD 19+EVs in gastric cancer and colon cancer patients’ serum were significantly different from normal people,which further confirmed our results.In this article,we found a new tumor biomarker with higher sensitivity and specificity than the existing tumor marker CEA.We found that compared with healthy people,CD19+EVs in the serum of tumor patients increased significantly and the amount did not change significantly at different stages of the tumor,suggesting its value in the early diagnosis of tumors.Compared with CEA,the diagnosis of tumors by detecting CD 19+EVs in serum is significantly better than CEA in terms of sensitivity and specificity.ROC analysis shows that CD 19+EVs have a better AUC.By comparing the diagnostic value of CD19+EVs and CEA in the early stage of tumors,we found that CD19+EVs have a higher value in early diagnosis of tumors.The above results show that the detection of CD19+EVs in human serum has broad application prospects in the early diagnosis of tumorsIn summary,our study provides a new non-invasive biomarker for early diagnosis of tumors,with good sensitivity and specificity.Compared with current CEA diagnostic tumor marker,CD 19+EVs have better diagnostic value.