| Objective:Drinking is a major risk factor for certain diseases.In recent years,the influence mechanism of drinking on cognitive impairment has received increasing attention.Among them,ALDH2 is an important enzyme involved in ethanol-related metabolism in the body.Previous studies have found that there is a high correlation between ALDH2 gene polymorphisms and cognitive dysfunction.So far,there have been no reports about the association between ALDH2 gene and drinking risk and impaired cognitive function.This study focuses on the effects of different drinking risks on cognitive function,clarifies the mechanisms of alcohol and ALDH2 genotypes on cognitive impairment,and provides theoretical basis for interventions on mental problems such as alcohol addiction.Methods:A total of 1380 people were surveyed in 4 towns,10 units in Wucheng District,Shijiazhuang City,Hebei Province,as well as those who participated in medical examinations at Wucheng People's Hospital.Subjects were divided into two groups according to the WHO Recommended Alcohol Disorders Screening Scale(AUDIT): high-risk drinking group,that is,AUDIT score ? 8 points,and low-risk drinking group(control group),that is,AUDIT score less than 8 points.There were 509 cases in the high-risk drinking group and 605 cases in the low-risk drinking group.SPSS 24.0 software was used to randomly extract 200 blood samples from each of the two groups for DNA extraction and analysis of the rs671 locus of the ALDH2 gene polymorphism.379 cases of DNA were successfully extracted and 379 cases of ALDH2 gene polymorphism were successfully typed.Finally,195 patients in the high-risk drinking group,184 patients in the low-risk drinking group,and 379 patients in the final sample were included.The general demographics of the two groups of subjects were compared using the simple visual spatial memory test(BVMT-R),the Hopkins vocabulary learning test(HVLT-R),the digital sign test(SDMT),and the digital span test(DS)The cognitive function of the two groups was analyzed.The genotyping results were tested by Hardy-Weinberg agreement.Using age as a covariate,factorial design analysis of variance was performed for the drinking groups and genotypes.Cognitive function results in the high-risk drinking group were used as dependent variables,and age,years of education,and genotype were used as independent variables for linear regression analysis.Cognitive function results of the low-risk drinking group were used as dependent variables,and age,years of education,and genotype were used as independent variables for linear regression analysis.Cognitive functions of the low-risk drinking group were used as dependent variables,and age and years of education were covariates.Univariate covariance analysis was performed on the differences between genotypes.Differences with P <0.05 indicated statistical significance.Results:1.Comparison of general status between high-risk drinking group and low-risk drinking groupThere were significant differences between the high-risk drinking group and the low-risk drinking group in terms of age(38.63 ± 11.236 vs 33.91 ± 8.585)and smoking history(62.05% vs 48.37%)(P <0.01).Ethnic groups,years of education,and marital status,Family monthly income,occupation,depression,anxiety symptoms were not statistically significant(P> 0.05).2.Comparison of cognitive function results between high-risk drinking group and low-risk drinking groupThe HVLT-R score 2 test(7.75 ± 2.253)of the high-risk drinking group was lower than that of the low-risk drinking group(8.37 ± 1.996),and the total score(22.53 ± 5.540)was lower than that of the low-risk drinking group(24.10 ± 5.435).Statistical significance,indicating that the language learning and memory ability of the high-risk drinking group was lower than that of the low-risk drinking group;the SDMT score(52.33 ± 14.164)of the high-risk drinking group was significantly different from that of the low-risk drinking group(55.91 ± 13.065).,Indicating that the high-risk drinking group has lower persistent attention and information processing speed and visual-motor coordination ability than the low-risk drinking group.There was no statistically significant difference between BVMT-R and DS(P> 0.05).3.Variation of ALDH2 gene in all subjectsA total of 3 genotypes were detected in 379 volunteers,including 287 wild homozygous GG,87 heterozygous mutant GA,and 5 homozygous mutant AA;G gene frequency was 0.872 and A gene frequency was 0.128.,ALDH2 gene frequency accords with Hardy Weinberg equilibrium.4.Comparison of the distribution of single nucleotide polymorphisms of ALDH2 gene between the two groupsThe proportion of wild homozygous GG genotypes in the high-risk drinking group was higher than that in the low-risk drinking group(86.7% to 64.1%),and the difference was statistically significant.5.Effects of Drinking Group and Genotype Interactions on Cognitive FunctionWith age as a covariate,the drinking group and genotype had statistically significant interactions on BVMT-R scores 2,3,and total scores;while in HVLT-R,BVMT-R 1,SDMT,and DS scores The interaction between drinking group and genotype was not significant.6.Correlation between single nucleotide polymorphisms of ALDH2 gene and cognitive function in high and low risk drinkersHVLT-R,BVMT-R,SDMT,and DS scores of high-risk drinkers were not significantly related to the rs671 gene polymorphism.The low-risk drinker HVLT-R score 2 test was associated with the rs671 gene polymorphism.The GG(wild homozygous)test score 2 was 0.664 higher than that of GA and AA subjects(P = 0.018);low-risk drinkers The HVLT-R score 3 test was related to the rs671 gene polymorphism.The GG(wild homozygous)test score was 0.612 higher than the GA and AA test subjects(P = 0.030).The low-risk drinker HVLT-The total R score was related to the rs671 gene polymorphism.The total score of GG(wild homozygosity)subjects was 1.868 higher than that of GA and AA subjects(P = 0.013).The BVMT-R score of low-risk drinkers was 2 and rs671 gene polymorphisms were related.GG(wild homozygosity)subjects scored 0.842 higher than GA and AA subjects(P = 0.030);low-risk drinkers had a BVMT-R score of 3 and had more rs671 genes.GS(wild homozygosity)subjects had a 3-point test score of 0.797 higher than GA and AA subjects(P = 0.009);low-risk drinkers' total BVMT-R scores were associated with rs671 gene polymorphisms.The GG(wild homozygosity)subject score was 2.480 higher than that of GA and AA subjects(P = 0.013);while low-risk drinkers had an HVLT-R score of 1 test,SDMT,DS scores,and rs671 gene polymorphisms.No significant correlation;and BVMT-R 1 test score and age,years of education and rs671 there was no correlation between genes.The low-risk drinker BVMT-R score 2 test was related to the rs671 gene polymorphism.The GG(wild homozygosity)test score 2 was 0.842 higher than that of GA and AA subjects(P = 0.030);low-risk drinkers The BVMT-R score 3 test was related to the rs671 gene polymorphism.The GG(wild homozygosity)test score of the 3 test was 0.797 higher than that of the GA and AA test subjects(P = 0.009).The low-risk drinker BVMT-The total R score was related to the rs671 gene polymorphism.The total score of GG(wild homozygous)subjects was 2.480 higher than that of GA and AA subjects(P = 0.013).There was no correlation between age and rs671 gene.Using age and years of education as covariates,subjects with high risk drinkers GG(wild homozygosity)had higher BVMT-R scores in test 2 than those in GA and AA subjects(9.37 ± 2.776 vs 8.65 ± 2.434),with a difference Statistically significant;subjects with high risk drinkers GG(wild homozygosity)had higher BVMT-R scores in test 3 than GA and AA subjects(10.70 ± 2.122 vs 10.00 ± 2.347),and the difference was statistically significant;The high-risk drinker GG(wild homozygosity)subjects had higher total BVMT-R scores than GA and AA subjects(26.51 ± 7.028 vs 24.30 ± 6.516),and the difference was statistically significant.7.Relationship between different ALDH2 genotypes and cognitive function in low-risk drinkersUsing age and years of education as covariates,subjects with low risk drinkers GG(wild homozygosity)had higher HVLT-R scores in the test 2 than subjects with GA and AA(8.58 ± 2.260 vs 7.98 ± 1.827),with a difference.Statistically significant;subjects with low risk drinkers GG(wild homozygosity)had higher HVLT-R scores in test 3 than GA and AA subjects(9.65 ± 2.093 vs 9.12 ± 1.902),and the difference was statistically significant;The subjects with low-risk drinkers GG(wild homozygosity)had higher total HVLT-R scores than those with GA and AA subjects(24.70 ± 5.677 vs 23.03 ± 4.829),and the difference was statistically significant;GG(low-risk drinkers)Wild homozygous subjects)BVMT-R score 2 test was higher than GA and AA subjects(9.37 ± 2.776 vs 8.65 ± 2.434),the difference was statistically significant;low-risk drinkers GG(wild homozygous)Subjects had higher BVMT-R score 3 test than GA and AA subjects(10.70 ± 2.122 vs 10.00 ± 2.347),the difference was statistically significant;subjects with low risk drinkers GG(wild homozygous type)BVMT-R total score was higher than GA and AA subjects(26.51 ± 7.028 vs 24.30 ± 6.516),the difference was statistically significant.Conclusions:1.High-risk drinking(AUDIT score ? 8 points)is associated with decreased learning and memory and related information processing speed.2.The risk of ALDH2 gene mutation in high-risk drinkers is significantly lower than that in low-risk drinkers,that is,the risk of drinking with mutant ALDH2 gene is lower.3.Drinking groups and genotypes have an interactive effect on visual spatial learning ability and memory function.Cognitive impairment of high-risk drinkers is not significantly related to ALDH2;cognitive function of low-risk drinkers is related to ALDH2 gene polymorphism.Drinkers with GA and AA phenotypes have significant impairments in word learning and memory and visual learning. |
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