Investigation On The Cognitive Function And Diet Of The Elderly In Rural Areas Of Jiaozhou

Objective: Mild cognitive impairment(MCI)refers to a transitional state with mild memory impairment that does not meet the clinical diagnostic criteria for dementia.The situation of cognitive impairment of the elderly in China is not optimistic.Studies have shown that the prevalence of MCI among rural elderly is higher than that of urban elderly.Domestic and foreign research has shown that dietary nutrition is related to cognitive function,but the relationship between dietary structure and cognitive function is not yet clear.In this study,through the investigation of the cognitive function and nutrition status of rural elderly in Jiaozhou,the relationship between the dietary nutrition status of local elderly and MCI and the effect of diet structure on MCI were analyzed.The functional decline provides a theoretical basis.Methods: Random cluster sampling method was used to select 1405 elderly persons aged 65-85 in 18 villages of Jiaozhou City as the research subjects.Collect the general situation(age,gender,education level,marital status,etc.)and time of outing activities of the research subjects through face-to-face interviews;use the Mini-Mental State Examination(MMSE)to screen the subjects for recognition Know the functional status,and divide the subjects into normal cognitive function group and mild cognitive dysfunction group according to their scores;use the Mini Nutrition Assessment-short form(MNA-sf)to assess the nutritional status of the elderly Among them,height,weight,waist circumference,calf circumference,hip circumference and other indicators were collected through physical examination and calculated body mass index(BMI);using the semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire(FFQ)survey object for three months According to the "Chinese Food Composition Table(2004 Edition)",calculate the daily intake of various nutrients per person.The dimension reduction analysis method was used to extract the dietary structure of the research subjects,the differences in nutrient intake under different dietary structures were analyzed,and the Chinese Diet Balance Index(DBI)was used to evaluate the dietary quality of different dietary structures.A logistic regression model was established based on whether it was mild cognitive dysfunction,and the effects of different nutritional status,different food intake and different dietary structure on cognitive function were analyzed.The concentration of leukocytes,platelets,bilirubin,cholesterol,etc.in the blood of the study subjects and the levels of blood glucose and blood pressure were detected,and the changes of blood biochemical indexes in the elderly with different cognitive function states were analyzed.Results: A total of 1405 subjects were included in this study,with an average age of 71.9± 5.3 years and a male to female sex ratio of 0.9: 1.Among them,the prevalence of MCI is 27.0%.The malnutrition risk rate and malnutrition rate in the normal cognitive function group were significantly lower than those in the MCI group(P < 0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that older age and lower MNA-sf scores were risk factors for MCI in the elderly(P < 0.05);married,living with spouse or children,higher annual net income,and time spent outdoors ? 1 hour is the protective factor of MCI in the elderly(P< 0.05).Logistic regression analysis of various food intakes of elderly people with different cognitive function states showed that daily intake of higher levels of rice noodles,grains,poultry,livestock,fish,shrimp,vegetables,fruits,soybeans,Nuts and milk foods can reduce the risk of MCI in the elderly(OR = 0.530 ~ 0.837,P < 0.05).Through the dimensionality reduction analysis method,all elderly people who completed the FFQ were counted,and a total of three dietary structures were extracted,which were balanced diet structures,which were characterized by livestock meat,vegetables,rice noodles,fish,shrimp,crabs,fruits,and poultry.The main food intake is meat;the dietary structure of cereals and potatoes is characterized by the intake of foods such as cereals,potatoes,soybeans and their products,pickles,tea,and poultry;the dietary structure of nut milk the characteristics are mainly ingestion of nuts,milk,fats,pickles and eggs.The results of multiple logistic regression analysis showed that among the three dietary structures,a balanced dietary structure was negatively correlated with the risk of MCI in the elderly(OR = 0.627,P < 0.05).After adjusting for age,gender,education,marital status,after living factors,chronic diseases,and annual net income factors,there was still a negative correlation(OR = 0.722,P < 0.05);the other two dietary structures were not related to the risk of MCI(P > 0.05).The dietary quality evaluation of the three dietary structures revealed that the factor score of the balanced diet structure and the diet balance index-total score(DBI-TS)(r = 0.44),and the negative end score(Diet Balance Index-Lower bound score,DBI-LBS)(r = 0.39),positive balance(Diet Balance Index-Higher bound score,DBI-HBS)(r = 0.35),there is a positive correlation(P < 0.05),and diet quality distance(Diet Balance Index-Dietary quality distance(DBI-DQD)has a negative correlation(r =-0.22,P < 0.05).Conclusion: The nutritional status of the elderly in rural Jiaozhou is closely related to the occurrence of MCI,and those with high MNA-sf scores have a lower risk of cognitive dysfunction.According to the three dietary structures extracted from the dietary habits of the elderly(balanced dietary structure,multigrain and potato dietary structure and nut milk dietary structure),the overall dietary quality of the balanced dietary structure is higher,which has a protective effect on the risk of MCI.