| Background :In recent years,the incidence of allergic diseases has increased rapidly worldwide,especially among children.Atopic dermatitis(AD),eczema,urticaria,allergic rhinitis,and asthma are classic allergic diseases.IgE-induced type I hypersensitivity reactions are the most important cause.Type I hypersensitivity reaction is induced by multiple allergens,so identifying and avoiding allergens is the basic method for treating allergic diseases.Objective: To explore the changes of allergens in children with atopic dermatitis and urticaria in Liaoning Province with increasing age and the differences between them,we conducted the investigation to provide reference for diagnosis,treatment,and prevention of children with AD and urticaria.Methods: Children from October 2016 to March 2019 who were diagnosed with atopic dermatitis and urticaria in the Department of Dermatology,Shengjing Hospital,China Medical University,were surveyed.The peripheral blood was collected,the allergens were detected by immunoblotting method and total serum IgE by chemiluminescence method.Results:(1)A total of 992 children were collected,aged from 1 to 13 years,with an average age of 2.9 years,including 290 cases of AD,543 cases of acute urticaria,and 159 cases of chronic urticaria.The positive rate of total serum IgE in all children was 54.8% and the allergen positive rate was 64%.The allergen positive rate was 62.3% in males and 66.2% in females.The most common allergens were: milk(36.6%),eggs(35.1%),and wheat flour(15.2%);the most common food allergens were: milk(36.6%),Eggs(35.1%),wheat flour(15.2%);the most common inhalated allergens were: house dust(14.4%),house dust mites(8.6%),and dust mites(7.2%).The positive rate of food allergens(58.8%)in 992 children was significantly higher than that of inhaled allergens(25.9%),P <0.05.(2)The positive rate of total serum IgE in children with acute urticaria was 54.1%,and the allergen positive rate was 65.0%.The most common allergens were milk(38.1%),eggs(33.3%),and wheat flour(13.8%).The most common inhalant allergens were house dust(12.7%),house dust mites(6.3%),and dust mites(4.8%).The positive rate of food allergens in children with acute urticaria at different ages: children group(70.7%)> preschool group(56.4%)> infant group(50.0%)> school-age group(36.2%),the difference was statistically significant.The positive rate of inhaled allergens in children with acute urticaria at different ages: school-age group(38.3%)> preschool group(30.8%)> children group(19.1%)> infant group(11.9%),the difference was statistically significant.(3)The positive rate of total serum IgE in children with chronic urticaria was 54.7%,and the allergen positive rate was 62.3%.The most common allergens were eggs(34.6%),milk(32.1%),and wheat flour(15.1%).The most common inhalant allergens were house dust(14.5%),altemaria(9.4%),and artemisias(8.2%).The positive rates of food allergens in children with chronic urticaria at different ages : infant group(50%),children group(57.7%),school-age group(54.5%),preschool group(54.8%),the difference was no statistically significant.The positive rate of mugwort allergens in children with chronic urticaria at different ages: infant group(0)< children group(0)<preschool group(9.7%)<school-age group(21.2%),the positive rate increases with age,the difference was statistically significant.(4)The positive rate of total serum IgE in children with atopic dermatitis was 56.2%,and the allergen positive rate was 63.1%.The most common allergens were eggs(38.6%),milk(36.2%),and wheat flour(17.9%).The most common inhalant allergens were house dust(17.6%),house dust mites(13.4%),and dust mites(12.8%).The positive rate of egg allergens in children with atopic dermatitis at different ages: children group(51.8%)> preschool group(43.3%)> infant group(29.8%)> school-age group(11.1%),the difference was statistically significant.The positive rate of inhaled allergens in children with atopic dermatitis at different ages: infant group(15.3%)< children group(32.5%)< school-age group(44.4%)<preschool group(52.2%),the difference was statistically significant.(5)The allergen positive rates were not different statistical significance among the three disease(children with acute urticaria was 65%,chronic urticaria was 62.3%,and atopic dermatitis was 63.1%).However,the positive rates of allergens such as house dust mites,dust mites,peanuts,crabs,and mugwort were statistically significant among the three groups of diseases.The positive rates of allergens in children with atopic dermatitis of house dust mites(13.4%),dust mites(12.8%),peanut(6.2%)and crab(4.1%)were significantly higher than those in patients with acute urticaria and chronic urticaria,while the positive rate of mugwort in chronic urticaria patients was significantly higher than that of the other two diseases.Conclusion: The positive rate of allergens in children with AD and acute and chronic urticaria is high in this region,and food allergens are the main allergens.The most common food allergens are milk,eggs,wheat flour,and inhalant allergens are house dust,house dust mites,and dust mites.With the increase of age,the positive rates of food allergens of the three diseases all showed a downward trend.With the increase of age,the positive rates of inhaled allergens in children with AD and acute urticaria increased,while that of mugwort in children with chronic urticaria increase.Children with atopic dermatitis in this area have higher positive rates of house dust mite,dust mite,peanut,and crab than children with acute and chronic urticaria.The positive rate of mugwort in children with chronic urticaria is significantly higher than those of other two diseases. |
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