Clinical Study Of Prospective And Retrospective Memory In Schizophrenia Patients And First-degree Relatives

Objective To explore the memory impairment of schizophrenia patients and their first-degree relatives in recent years is one of the hot spots.Both prospective memory(PM)and retrospective memory(RM)are important components of memory function.Prospective memory is the memory of future planning,while retrospective memory is the memory of past experience.It is reported that PM and RM in schizophrenics are damaged.The first-degree relatives of patients belong to the high-risk group,and there are few related studies on PM and RM injuries.The purpose of this study was to investigate the impairment of prospective memory(PM)and retrospective memory(RM)in schizophrenic patients and their first-degree relatives.Methods From October 2018 to June 2019,50 hospitalized schizophrenics,50 first-degree relatives of schizophrenics and 50 non-psycho related diseases matched in age,gender and education were randomly selected as the healthy control group.First of all,the three groups of participants were tested by Hamilton Depression Scale(HAMD),Bech-Rafaelsdn Mania Rating Scale(BRMS),Hamilton Anxiety Scale(HAMA)for background,excluding the test subjects with obvious depression,mania and anxiety symptoms.Secondly,the Prospective and Retrospective Memory Questionnaire(PRMQ)was used to evaluate the prospective memory and retrospective memory of the three groups of participants,and the Positive and Negative Symptoms Scale(PANSS)was used to evaluate the schizophrenia group.Results(1)There was no significant difference in age,gender,education years and other general data among the three groups(P > 0.05).(2)The scores of HAMD,BRMS and HAMA in schizophrenia group [(2.220±0.538),(2.780±1.475),(2.100±0.431)] is higher than that of the relative group[(0.200±0.495),(0.100±0.303),(0.120±0.385)] and control group[(0.380±0.697),(0.240±0.517),(0.120 ±0.385)].There are statistical differences in scores.(3)The scores of prospective memory and retrospective memory in schizophrenia group [7.00(6.00,11.25),10.00(6.00,13.25)] were all higher than those in healthy control group [6.00(5.00,8.00),6.00(4.00,8.00),the difference was statistically significant(P < 0.05).And the scores of prospective memory in first-degree relatives group 8.00(6.00,10.25)was higher than those in healthy control group 6.00(5.00),the difference was statistically significant(P < 0.05).(4)The results of correlation analysis showed that there was a positive correlation between prospective memory and retrospective memory(r = 0.594 vs r = 0.595 vs r = 0.544,P < 0.001),and PM and RM were correlated with the course of disease(r = 0.326 vs r = 0.313,P < 0.05),that is,the longer the course of disease,the more serious the PM and RM damage,while the lower the education level,the more obvious the prospective and retrospective memory damage(r =-0.323 vs r=-0.442,P<0.05).Conclusion PM and RM are damaged in schizophrenics,and PM is damaged in first-degree relatives.PM impairment may be one of the unique defects of schizophrenia family.