A Comparation Research Of Prospective Memory On Schizophrenia And Bipolar Disorder

ObjectiveTo evaluate and compare the level of prospective memory (PM) in patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, and to explore affecting factors of PM for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.MethodsThe level of PM and neuropsychological function in55patients with schizophrenia,36patients with bipolar disorder and40healthy controls were assessed by the Chinese version of the Cambridge prospective memory test (C-CAMPROMPT) and neuropsychological test. The clinical features of patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder were evaluated with the positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS), the Hamilton depression rating scale (HAMD) and Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS). The analysis of variance, x,2test and T test were used to detect the difference of PM and neuropsychological function among groups; the Pearson and Spearman correlation analysis were used explore the correlation among PM, neuropsychological function and the clinical features. Multiple linear regression was used to explore affecting factors of PM. Hierarchical multiple linear regression analyzes was used to examine the unique contribution of factors in the explanation of PM.Result1. The level of PM in patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder were statistically lower than those in healthy controls [(18.71±7.68) vs.(27.85±5.14);(19.42±6.97) vs.(27.85±5.14); P<0.05]. But there was no significant difference between the two former (P>0.05).2. The level of event-based prospective memory (EBPM) in patients with schizophrenia was statistically lower than that in healthy controls [(10.07±4.19) vs.(14.45±2.86); P<0.05]. But there was no significant difference between the level of time-based prospective memory (TBPM)(P>0.05). The level of TBPM in patients with bipolar disorder was statistically lower than that in healthy controls [(8.19±4.79) vs.(13.4013.83); P<0.05]. But there was no significant difference between the level of EBPM (P>0.05). The level of TBPM was statistically lower than that of EBPM in patients with bipolar disorder [(8.19±4.79) vs.(11.22±3.44); P<0.05].3. The level of neuropsychological function in patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder were statistically lower than those in healthy controls (P<0.05). But there was no significant difference between the two former (P>0.05).4. Hierarchical multiple linear regression analyzes in patients with schizophrenia showed that the overall unique contributions of social demographic, measured by△R2, ranged from0.34to0.55, which could account for43.59%-60.23%of the total explainable variance in PM, TBPM and EBPM; the overall unique contributions of neuropsychological function, measured by△R2, ranged from0.23to0.27, which could account for26.14%-35.90%of the total explainable variance in PM, TBPM and EBPM. But there was no statistically significant unique contributions of the clinical features or the seven components in Pittsburgh sleep quality index (P>0.05).Conclusion1. Patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder both performed more poorly than healthy controls in PM. But patients with bipolar disorder shared a similar PM impairment with those with schizophrenia.2. The EBPM is impaired in patients with schizophrenia, but TBPM is not. While the TBPM is impaired in patients with bipolar disorder, but EBPM is not.3. Patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder both performed more poorly than healthy controls in neuropsychological function. But patients with bipolar disorder shared a similar impairment of neuropsychological function with those with schizophrenia.4. The affecting factors of PM for schizophrenia were social demographic and neuropsychological function.