| Objective:The changes of short-chain fatty acids(SCFA)produced by intestinal flora of normal infants from 0 to 6 months in different feeding methods will be discussed in an effort to interpret the benefits of breastfeeding from a new perspective,and provide a new evidence for promoting it.Resources and Methods:Feces specimens were from 0-6 months normal infants undergoing physical examination at the Children's Health Department and Community Health Center of Children's Hospital of Suzhou University from May 2019 to November 2019,a total of 50 cases,which were informed of and permitted by infants' parents,and met the following inclusion criteria:?0-6-month normal infants with routine physical examination;? full-term,gestational age>37 weeks;?Spontaneous labor;?birth weight>2500g.Exclusion criteria:?The guardian refuses to collect baby stools;?those who have gastrointestinal symptoms in the past month,such as abdominal pain,diarrhea(thin stools>3 times/d,or the characteristics and the frequency of stool are significantly different from usual);? infants with infection symptoms such as fever and upper respiratory tract infection in the past two weeks;?infants having taken microecological preparations or antibiotics in the past two weeks;?infants having major congenital diseases and dysplasia.The content of the questionnaire including the baby's age,gestational age,birth pattern,birth weight,feeding pattern,etc.28 cases were divided into breastfeeding group and 22 cases in formula milk feeding group according to feeding methods.The fetal stool were collected from normal full term neonates born in the delivery room of a Grade ? Level A hospital in Suzhou in the same period,a total of 25 cases working as a control group for infant feeding groups.All meet the following inclusion criteria:?full-term,gestational age>37 weeks;?Spontaneous labor;?birth weight>2500g;?Exclude infectious diseases and major congenital diseases.The fresh stool samples were placed in YCFA basic medium and the medium of lactulose(LAU),fructooligosaccharide(FOS),galactooligosaccharide(GOS),inulin(INU),soluble starch(STA),mannitol(MAI)oligosaccharide,which were placed in a 37?incubator for 24 hours.The content of total short-chain fatty acid(SCFA),acetic acid,propionic acid,butyric acid,isobutyric acid,valeric acid,and isovaleric acid in the culture medium was determined by a meteorological chromatograph.Finally,SPSS 21.0 was used for statistical analysis.Results:1.The contents of the total acid,acetic acid,propionic acid,butyric acid,isobutyric acid in the breastfeeding group are significantly higher than those in the meconium group(P<0.05);The contents of the total acid,acetic acid,propionic acid,butyric acid in Formula feeding group are significantly higher than those in the meconium group(P<0.05);the contents of acetic acid in the breastfeeding group are significantly higher than those in the formula feeding group(P<0.05),while the contents of butyric acid,Isobutyric acid and isovaleric acidis significantly lower than formula feeding group(P<0.05).2.The ratio of acetic acid,propionic acid and butyric acid to the total acid of SCFA in breast feeding group is 86:10:3 and 79:8:9 in the formula feeding group.Comparing the percentage content of the two groups,the acetic acid in the breastfeeding group is significantly higher than that in the formula feeding group,and the butyric acid is significantly lower than the formula feeding group(P<0.05).3.Concerning the total acid content of feces after in vitro fermentation,the total acid contents in each medium of the breastfeeding group and the formula feeding group are significantly higher than those of the meconium group(P<0.05);there is no difference between the breastfeeding group and the formula feeding group.(P>0.05).4.Concerning the acetic acid content in feces after in vitro fermentation,the acetic acid contents in each medium of breastfeeding group and formula feeding group are significantly higher than those of meconium group(P<0.05);The contents of SCFA acetic acid in YCFA,LAU,FOS,and GOS medium in the breastfeeding group are significantly higher than that in the formula feeding group(P<0.05).5.Concerning the propionic acid content in feces after in vitro fermentation,the contents of propionic acid in breastfeeding group and formula feeding group are significantly higher than those of meconium group(P<0.05);the contents of propionic acid in YCFA and LAU medium in breastfeeding group are higher than formula feeding group(P<0.05).6.Concerning the butyric acid content in feces after in vitro fermentation,except for FOS medium,butyric acid contents in breast feeding group and formula feeding group are significantly higher than those of meconium group(P<0.05);the butyric acid contents in the YCFA,LAU and MAI medium of the formula feeding group are higher than those of the breastfeeding group(P<0.05).7.Concerning the content of isobutyric acid in the feces after in vitro fermentation,the contents of isobutyric acid in the YCFA,LAU,FOS and GOS medium of the breastfeeding group are significantly higher than those of the meconium group(P<0.05);the contents of isobutyric acid in the YCFA and LAU medium of the formula feeding group are significantly higher than those of the meconium group(P<0.05);Conclusions:1.SCFA is the main product of intestinal flora metabolism in infants.2.The contents of total acid,acetic acid,propionic acid and butyric acid of the main SCFA in feces of the meconium group before and after fermentation are lower,which accords with such characteristics as small number of bacteria and low diversity in fetal stool,and large differences among individuals.3.The contents of total acid,acetic acid,propionic acid and butyric acid in breastfeeding group and formula feeding group,and the contents of those mentioned above(except for FOS culture medium)in each culture medium after fecal fermentation are significantly higher than those in the fecal group.It is suggested that the intestinal flora of infants has the ability to produce oligosaccharides.4.The ratio of acetic acid,propionic acid and butyric acid to total acid of SCFA is 86:10:3 in breastfeeding group and 79:8:9 in formula feeding group.The breastfeeding group mainly produces acetic acid,while the formula-fed group produce butyric acid prematurely.It is suggested that the metabolites produced by the intestinal flora will be differentiated by different feeding methods,and the intestinal flora of formula-fed infants will develop into adult-like intestinal flora earlier.5.After fermentation of feces,SCFA in some polysaccharide medium of the breast-feeding group mainly produces acetic acid and propionic acid,and SCFA in some medium of the formula-feeding group mainly produces butyric acid,which further confirms different feeding methods result in different intestinal flora structures,and the SCFA they produce are different,indicating that the intestinal flora of formula-fed infants is premature.6.In vitro fermentation mode to determine the metabolic substrate-SCFA levels of intestinal flora of infants is simple,and the data and results are reliable,which indirectly confirms the development of intestinal flora of infants and can be used as a practical indicator for evaluating various influencing factors,including feeding methods,of infants'intestinal flora development. |
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