Study On The Activities Of Daily Living And Its Associated Factors Among Elderly In Shandong Province

BackgroundWith the acceleration of the aging process,the scale of China's elderly population continues to expand,and the health problems of elderly people have become increasingly prominent,at the same time,it has brought pressure on social development,such as medical care,care and pensions.Due to the gradual decline of physical functions in the elderly,their health status is also declining,coupled with the effects of physical diseases and psychological factors,the activities of daily living of the elderly are impaired,and the disability of the elderly becomes a major threat to their health.The loss of the activities of daily living of the elderly causes adverse effects on the quality of life of the elderly,and is also a big burden for individuals,families and society.Therefore,this article studies the activities of daily living of the elderly in Shandong Province,which has important reference significance for taking effective measures to improve their physical and functional activities.ObjectivesTo understand the current status of the activities of daily living of elderly people aged 60 and above in Shandong Province,analyze its influencing factors,and further explore the influence path and effect size of loneliness,number of chronic diseases,life pressure and mental health status on the activities of daily living of the elderly.To propose policy recommendations for improving the activities of daily living of the elderly,in order to improve the quality of life of the elderly and promote healthy agingMethodsThe data of this study was obtained from the survey of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(71673169).A multi-stage stratified random sampling method was used to sample 7070 elderly people aged 60 and above in three cities in the east,middle and west of Shandong Province.The basic situation of the elderly and their activities of daily living were investigated through questionnaire interviews Epidata was used to establish a database,and SPSS software and Mplus software were used for statistical analysis.The basic situation of the elderly using descriptive analysis,single-factor analysis of the factors affecting the activities of daily living of the elderly using chi-square test,multi-factor analysis using binary logistic regression analysis,a path model was used to analyze the direct and indirect effects of loneliness,number of chronic diseases,life pressure and mental health status on the activities of daily living of the elderlyResultsThe impaired rate of activities of daily living of the elderly in Shandong Province was 22.7%,of which the impaired rate of physical self-maintenance was 15.2%,and the impaired rate of instrumental activity of daily living was 18.8%.The univariate analysis results showed that the difference in the impaired rate of the activities of daily living of the elderly in gender,age,education level,marital status,pre-retirement occupation,place of residence,living style,personal annual income,self-assessed economic status,self-assessed health status,number of chronic diseases,BMI,diet pattern,smoking,drinking,emotional state,life pressure,loneliness and mental health status was statistically significant(P<0.05).Multivariate analysis results showed that older age,living in rural areas,poor economy,poor health,suffering from various chronic diseases,obesity,strong loneliness and poor mental health were risk factors for impaired activities of daily living of the elderly,higher education,drinking and less stress were protective factors for impaired activities of daily living of the elderly.The path analysis results showed that the direct effect value of mental health status on activities of daily living of the elderly was 0.177,and the total effect value was 0.177;the direct effect value of loneliness was 0.105,the indirect effect value was 0.072,and the total effect value was 0.177;the indirect effect value of life pressure was 0.046,and the total effect value was 0.046;the direct effect value of the number of chronic diseases was 0.161,the indirect effect value was 0.026,and the total effect value was 0.187.Conclusions and SuggestionsConclusions:1.The impaired rate of instrumental activity of daily living of the elderly in Shandong Province is higher than physical self-maintenance.Age,education level,place of residence,self-assessed economic status,self-assessed health status,drinking,number of chronic diseases,BMI,life pressure,loneliness and mental health status are the influencing factors of impaired activities of daily living of the elderly.2.The study finds that mental health status has the largest direct effect and mediating effect on the activities of daily living of the elderly,life pressure,number of chronic diseases and loneliness have an indirect effect on activities of daily living through mental health status,the number of chronic diseases has the largest total effect on activities of daily living of the elderly.Suggestions:1.Strengthen publicity and education to raise awareness of the elderly in preventing disability;enhance the health awareness of the elderly and promote the development of healthy behaviors;the government improves the social security system,attaches importance to the health of the vulnerable elderly,and strives to improve the activities of daily living of the elderly.2.Actively promote tertiary prevention of chronic diseases in the community,improve the medical security system,reduce the economic burden of disease in elderly patients with chronic diseases,and effectively promote the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases in the elderly3.Pay attention to the mental health of the elderly,encourage the elderly to participate in various cultural activities,cultivate a healthy life mentality,regularly carry out mental health work,patiently enlighten the elderly with poor mental status,so that they have a healthy mental status.