Study On Comprehensive Resource Utilization And Development Of Amomum Villosum

Objective:In order to develop the medicinal and non-medicinal resources of Amomum villosum,and to provide a scientific basis for the comprehensive development and utilization of Amomum villosum resources.by using the of Amomum villosum in Jinping County,Yunnan Province,the following contents were all studied:the new drying method of Amomum villosum,the changes of active components of Amomum villosum with different maturity,the changes of volatile components of seeds,peels and rhizomes,the feed nutritional components of stem as well as leafand the optimization of Amomum villosum processed with ginger juice as well as the changes of volatile components in Amomum villosum before and after ginger procession.Method:The content of bornyl acetate was determined by Gas Chromatography?GC?,thevolatile oil was extracted by steam distillation,analysed and identified of components by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry?GC-MS?and relative content of each component was determined by normalization method.On one hand,to determine the best drying method for Amomum.On the other hand,to analyze the changes of volatile components of Amomum villosum with different maturity and Amomum villosum seeds,peels and rhizomes after drying with freeze drying processing.Refer to<Feed Analysis and Feed Detection Technology>analysed the common nutritional ingredients of Amomum villosum with stems and leaves,and the quality of ingredients were determined by adopting two kinds of evaluation systems:the relative feed value of RFV and the coarse feed grading index of GI.In L₉?3⁴?orthogonal experiment,ginger weight,ginger juice volume,infiltration time and stir-fry time were used as the observation factors,and appearance score,volatile oil,water soluble extract and bornyl acetate content were the evaluation indexes.The weighted scores of multi-index determine the best technology of making Amomum villosum with ginger juice processing.The volatile oil Amomum villosum extracted by steam distillation before and after the ginger juice processing was,analysed and identified of components by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry?GC-MS?,and the relative content of each component was determined by normalization method.Result:After the freeze,the contents of bornyl acetate in Amomum villosum's seed is reducing from 1.81%to 1.42%,the bornyl acetate in essential oils of seed is decreasing from52.46%to 46.95%.The bornyl acetate contents of um-maturity group,un-maturity group and maturity group were 2.50%,2.26%and 2.13%.The volatile oil compositions of um-maturity group,un-maturity group and maturity group were 4.23%,4.03%and 3.84%.39 components were identified and 10 common compositions um-maturity group,un-maturity group and maturity group were identified as 18,22,30 compounds.A total of 120 kinds of volatile components were identified in Amomum villosum seeds,peels and rhizomes,30 kinds in seeds,63 kinds in peels and 70 kinds in rhizomes,of which were only 10 common components,and the percentages of esters in seed cluster and peels were the highest?52.5%and 42.09%,respectively?.The highest content of hydrocarbons in rhizomes were 39.32%.In the volatile components of seeds,peels and rhizomes,the contents of bornyl acetate were 52.46%,40.35%and 18.34%,respectively.The contents of crude protein?CP?,ether extract?EE?,relative feed value?RFV?and guality index?GI?in Amomum villosum leaves were higher than those in stems,But the contents of crude fiber?CF?,acid detergent fiber?ADF?and neutral detergent fiber?NDF?in stems were lower.The feeding value of Amomum villosum leaves is higher than that of common forage alfalfa,Leymus chinensis,rice straw and wheat straw.The contents of crude fiber?CF?and lignin in Amomum villosum stems were higher.According to the result of weighted comprehensive score,The best method of making Amomum villosum with ginger juice processing is A₃B₁C₁D₂:per 100g Amomum villosum with 10 mL ginger juice from 20g gingerinfiltrated 2 h and fried 15 minutes.Before and after the ginger juice processing,47 and 56 chemical constituents were identified in volatile oil of Amomum villosum 20 constituents were detected in Amomum villosum with ginger juice processingbut not in Amomum villosum,and only 7 constituents come from ginger juice.After ginger juice processing,there are 12 have not been detected but 14chemical constituents were newly added which are not detected in ginger juice.Conclusion:Freeze-drying method can retain the volatile components in medicinal materials to the greatest extentwhich is more conducive to the study of medicinal materials containing volatile components.The higher the maturity of Amomum villosum,the lower the contents of bornyl acetate and volatile oil,but the types of volatile components increased.There are great differences in the composition and content of volatile components in seeds,peels and rhizomes of Amomum villosum,which provides a direct theoretical basis for the efficacy anisotropy of the them and the reuse of rhizome and pericarp resources.The leaves of Amomum villosum has good feeding value,and the stems can be developed as a raw material for papermaking;The best technology of making Amomum villosum with ginger juice processing is per 100 g Amomum villosum add 10 mL ginger juice from 20 g ginger infiltrated 2 h and fried 15 minutes;The content and variety of volatile components are complicated before and after the ginger juice processing in Amomum villosum,only 7ingredients were from the volatile oil of ginger juice,and the content was only 0.71%,which indicates that the effect of ginger on the volatile oil of Amomum villosum is limited,and the material basis of strengthening the effect of warming stomach and stopping vomiting needs to be further studied.