| Objectives: To study the effect of situational early development training on infant motor,language,social behavior,adaptability and physical development,and to explore the best model of early childhood development,providing a theoretical basis for the popularization and application of situational early development training in maternal and child health care hospitals.Subjects: A total of 120 infants aged 3-month-old were enrolled who had a health examination in the Child Health Care Clinic of Dalian Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital from June 2018 to June 2019.Inclusion criteria: healthy full-term,normal birth weight,the study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Hospital and parents informed and agreed to participate in the follow-up study;exclusion criteria: Maternal complications during pregnancy,history of severe diseases during the neonatal period(such as neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy,intracranial hemorrhage,neonatal purulent meningitis,history of severe asphyxia,etc.),congenital malformations or inherited metabolic diseases.All subjects were randomly divided into the observation group and the control group,with 60 infants in each group.Methods: The prospective method was used in the study.Both groups were followed up for 6 months.All subjects received the same routine early child development measures(child routine physical examination and guidence,nutrition and feeding guidance,early education guidance,prevention of common diseases guidance)at3 months,6 months and 9 months of age.Besides,infants and their caregivers in the observation group received a kind of situational early development training every week by medical professional in addition to the same routine early child development measures of the control group,then continuously consolidate and strengthen thecorresponding contents.Basic information of infants were collected at enrollment.Their length,weight and head circumference at 3 months of age were measured by professional nurse,and the total developmental quotient(DQ)and domain DQs of gross motor,fine motor,language,adaptability and social behavior were assessed using the Neuropsychological Development Scale for Children Aged 0-6 years.During the follow-up period,the infants’ length,weight and head circumference were measured and their total DQ and domain DQs of gross motor,fine motor,language,adaptability and social behavior were assessed at the age of 6 months and 9 months.These data of infants in the two groups were compared to clarify the effect of situational early development training on the physical and neuropsychological development in infants.All analyses were conducted using SPSS 25.0 for Windows.The measurement data and enumeration data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation and percentage,respectively.Differences in demographic characteristics and development indicators of two groups were assessed using chi square or t-test where appropriate.Results were considered significant at P < 0.05 in statistical analyses.Results:1.Comparing the basic characteristics of two groups at 3 months old,there were no significant differences(P>0.05),including gender,feeding method,mode of delivery,parental age,education level,main caregiver and their education level,and per capita monthly household income.Besides,the differences in infants’ weight,length and head circumference had no statistical significances(P>0.05),and there were no significant differences of the total DQ and domain DQs of the fine motor,gross motor,language,social behavior,adaptability between the two groups(P>0.05),suggesting that the two groups were well comparable.2.At 6 months of age,the infants’ length,weight and head circumference in the observation group were 69.07±1.81 cm,8.34±0.78 kg and 43.51±1.13 cm,respectively,which were slightly higher than those in the control group(68.40±2.27 cm,8.04±0.84 kg and 43.08±1.32 cm respectively),but there were no significant differences(P>0.05).3.Comparing the neuropsychological development indicators at 6 months of age between the two groups,the total DQ of infants in the observation group(106.02±6.68)was significantly higher than the control group(100.08±4.95)(P< 0.01).The domainDQs of language(106.76±13.23),fine motor(101.56±8.89)and social behavior(109.90±7.53)in the observation group were significantly higher than the control group(99.54 ± 11.70,96.58±6.77 and 100.37±5.49,respectively)(P< 0.01).The DQ of adaptive capacity(108.02±9.17)was slightly higher than the control group(104.08±7.03),and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The DQ of gross motor in the observation group(104.20±12.43)was also slightly higher than the control group(100.13±10.73),but the difference was not statistically significant(P>0.05).4.At 9 months of age,the infants’ length,weight and head circumference in the observation group were 73.03±2.80 cm,9.30±0.92 kg and 45.03±1.12 cm,respectively,which were slightly higher than the control group(72.83±2.29 cm,8.94±1.00 kg and 44.75±1.47 cm respectively),but there were no significant differences(P>0.05).5.Comparing the neuropsychological development indicators at 9 months of age in the two groups,the total DQ of the observation group(101.80±6.29)was significantly higher than the control group(96.38±4.17)(P<0.01).The domain DQs of fine motor,adaptive capacity and social behavior in the observation group were 97.98 ± 10.19,103.66 ± 8.86,and 105.24 ± 8.83,respectively,which were also significantly higher than the control group(91.16 ± 12.99,96.50 ± 5.96,and 98.85 ± 7.35,respectively)(P<0.01).The language DQ of the observation group(97.64 ± 10.93)was higher than the control group(91.08 ± 8.86),and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The DQ of gross motor in the observation group(104.44 ± 12.39)was slightly higher than the control group(102.16 ± 10.99),but the difference was not statistically significant(P>0.05).Conclusion:1.Situational early development training can promote neuropsychological development of infants,which is suitable for promotion in maternal and child health care hospitals.2.Situational early development training have no significant effect on infant physical development.3.Situational early development training can effectively promote the development of fine motor,language,social behavior and adaptability in health infants,while thepromotion of gross motor development of healthy infants is not significantly different from the control group of non-situational early development,which needs to be further studied in longer follow-up studies. |
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