Relationship Between Serum GDF-15 Level And Inflammation,Blood Lipids In Patients With Metabolic Syndrome

Objective:This study aims to investigate serum GDF-15 level and the relationship between serum GDF-15 and inflammation,blood lipids in patients with MetS.Methods:This cross-sectional study contains 131 subjects with MetS and 162 healthy controls.Two hundred ninety-three Chinese individuals were consecutively recruited for this study from the Health management center of the First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China during April 2018 to March 2019.MetS was defined referring to “the Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Dyslipidemia in Chinese Adults(2016)”.Make a questionnaire about the general demographic characteristics and disease history,medical history,family history,personal history(smoking and drinking history)of all subjects.Moreover,conduct regular physical examination.Blood samples were obtained after fasting overnight for at least 10 hours.FPG,FIns,TC,TG,LDL-C,and HDL-C were determined for all subjects.Serum GDF-15?IL6?MCP-1 concentrations were determined by ELISA.Results:1.Serum GDF-15 level in all subjects: Serum GDF-15 level was significantly higher in subjects with MetS compared with the controls [289.74(187.22,411.56)vs.159.30(114.13,245.87)pg/ml,P<0.01],and ascended along with the increased number of MetS components(P<0.01).Furthermore,serum GDF-15 level was higher in subjects with abdominal obesity,dyslipidemia,and insulin resistance.(P<0.05).However,there was no gender and blood pressure differences of serum GDF-15 level between the controls and subjects with MetS.(P>0.05).2.Correlation between serum GDF-15 level and clinical indicators: in all subjects,serum GDF-15 level was positively correlated with obesity-related parameters(BMI,WC,P<0.01),dyslipidemia(increased serum TG and reduced serum HDL-C,P<0.01),FPG,insulin resistance index(FIns and HOMA-IR,P<0.01),and inflammatory cytokines(MCP-1 and IL-6,P<0.01).Multiple linear regression analysis showed that age,HDL-C,IL-6 were independent factors for GDF-15 levels(P=0.008).3.Relationship between serum GDF-15 and MetS: After adjustment for age,gender,BMI,blood lipids,HOMA-IR,IL-6 and MCP-1,GDF-15 remains an independent risk factor for MetS with the odds ratio of 1.438(1.093,2.063),P=0.018.When serum GDF-15 level were in quartile 3,the odds ratio of MetS were 1.533(1.074,2.842)(vs.quartile 1,P=0.008).When serum GDF-15 level were in quartile 4,the odds ratio of MetS were 1.978(1.178,3.583)(vs.quartile 1,P<0.001).Furthermore,a significant linear trend was observed between serum GDF-15 level and MetS by the Row Mean Scores test and the Cochran-Armitage trend test.4.Relationship between serum GDF-15 and dyslipidemia: After adjustment for age,gender,BMI,FPG,HOMA-IR,IL-6 and MCP-1,serum GDF-15 level was still positively correlated with dyslipidemia(increased serum TG and reduced serum HDL-C)with the odds ratio of 1.003(1.000,1.007),P=0.046.5.Relationship between serum GDF-15 and IL-6: Multiple linear regression analysis showed that only GDF-15 and TG were independently positively correlated with serum IL-6(P<0.001).Conclusions:Serum GDF-15 level was significantly higher in patients with MetS,and closely related to the inflammation and dyslipidemia,suggesting that GDF-15 may be involved in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome.