| Objective:On the basis of analyzing the general situation of Bigu with medicine or food,the study mainly collected and sorted out the ancient Chinese medicine prescriptions for Bigu.Using data mining method,the application characteristics and drug combination laws of medicine or food in prescriptions for Bigu were explored and analyzed,in order to provide theoretical basis for the preparation of Bigu prescriptions and for the modern application and research of them.Methods:The ancient Chinese medicine classics included in the Canon of Traditional Chinese Medicine(the fifth edition)were used as the data resource in this study to seek,collect and sort out the prescriptions for Bigu in ancient Chinese medicine.After standardized process of all prescriptions,Excel 2016,SPSS 22.0 and SPSS Modeler 14.1 were applied for frequency,association rule and cluster analysis on medicine or food included in the prescriptions,and to discuss their application characteristics and drug combination laws.In addition,the study analyzed and summarized the literature on the definition,historical evolution,and applications of Bigu.Results:1)A total of 184 Bigu prescriptions used in ancient Chinese medicine were collected in this study,involving 128 medicine or food,with the total usage frequency of 766.Among the prescriptions,64 were medicine,the usage frequency of which accounted for 35.51%;while 64 were food,accounting for 64.60%.2)Among the 128 medicine or food,20 were commonly used with a frequency of>9,totaled 464 times(accounted for 60.60%of the total frequency).Of which,Mel was most frequently used with 75 times,accounting for 9.79%of the total frequency.The 20 medicine or food are listed in the order of frequency from high to low:Mel,Poria,Colophonum,Cera Flava,Fructus Jujubae,Semen Sesami Nigrum,glutinous rice,Fructus Cannabis,Radix Asparagi,Semen Sojae Nigrum,wine,Cacumen Platycladi,Fructus Tritici,Glycine max(Linn.)Merr.,Oryza Sativa L.,Semen Pini Koraiensis,Cinnabaris,Semen Platycladi,Broomcorn Millet and Radix et Rhizoma Glycyrrhizae,6 of which were medicine,accounting for 26.94%of the total frequency of commonly used medicine and food;14(73.06%)were food.3)The 128 medicine or food are mostly with bland(42,51.04%of the total frequency)or sweet(83,59.50%of the total frequency)tastes,and the meridian tropism of spleen and stomach(123,39.80%of the total frequency).4)The 20 commonly used medicine and food are mostly with bland(11,69.04%of the total frequency of the 20 medicine and food)and sweet(19,72.30%of the total frequency of the 20 medicine and food)taste,and the meridian tropism of spleen and stomach(25,44.46%of the total frequency of the 20 medicine and food).5)Of the 65 medicine,the 5 with the functions of counteracting toxic substances and killing worms were used most frequently,accounting for 29.41%of the total frequency of medicine usage,followed by tonifying medicinal and tranquilizing medicinal,which account for 16.91%and 12.50%respectively.6)Of the 64 food,the 24 of five kinds of cereals were most commonly used,accounting for 39.27%of the total frequency of food usage,followed by five kinds of vegetables,five kinds of domestic animals and five kinds of fruits,which respectively account for 23.48%,18.42%and 10.93%.7)In the 184 Bigu prescriptions used in ancient Chinese medicine,the common drug combinations include:Mel and Radix Asparagi;Poria and Cera Flava;Mel and Colophonum;Semen Sesami Nigrum and Fructus Jujubae;Cera Flava,Colophonum and Poria;Poria,Radix Asparagi and Mel;Mel and Colophonum,Poria,etc.8)The 184 prescriptions are mostly with solid dosage form(166,accounting for 90.22%),of which pills were mostly used(104,accounting for 56.52%).Conclusion:1)The prescriptions the ancient Chinese medicine used for Bigu primarily focused on safety and convenience,mostly selecting common food with high safety coefficient which is easy to get.Most of them were made into solid dosage forms of pill,powder and cake which were easy to take,carry and store.2)The principles of drug combination in the prescriptions were mainly "mild tonification with sweet and bland taste" and "harmonizing and protecting spleen and stomach".Therefore,medicine and food with sweet and bland taste,spleen and stomach meridian tropism were selected.They function as tonifying,mild,harmonizing and protecting so as to keep the harmony of the body and spirit.3)The application characteristics of medicine and food in the prescriptions used in ancient Chinese medicine for Bigu were:tending to select food that better functioned to resist hunger,focusing on Jiealth preservation with food;selecting more medicine from the top grade in the Shen Nong 's Classic of the Alateria Medica;Poria was mostly preferred for Bigu.4)The application characteristics of medicine included in these prescriptions:Mostly were toxic-resistance,worm-killing and itchy-relieving medicinal,tonifying medicinal and tranquilizing medicinal.The toxic-resistance,worm-killing and itchy-relieving medicinal was used influenced by the Bigu thought "Qu Sanchong",while the tonifying and tranquilizing medicinal were used considering the fact of healthy qi deficiency and heart spirit malnutrition during Bigu.5)The application characteristics of food included in these prescriptions:following the theory of "grains are essential and crucial;fruits are beneficial;meats and vegetables are helpful and additional";emphasizing the use of five cereals and respecting the law of human life that normal people cannot survive without food.6)The combination law of medicine and food commonly used in the prescriptions for Bigu in ancient Chinese medicine:based on the principle of using medicine with sweet and bland taste for mild tonification,and harmonizing and protecting spleen and stomach;Medicine and food with mild properties and high usage frequency are easy to form the combination;focus on the combination of medicine and food;Semen Sesami Nigrum and Fructus Jujubae,Poria and Radix Asparagi are the two common combinations.7)The representative prescriptions for Bigu in ancient Chinese medicine include Poria Extract,Fangjian Cake,Qiongyu Extract,Zhuge Ganliang,Spleen-strengthening Bigu Formula and Original-Qi Nourishing Bigu Pill,all with special combination and application features. |
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