| Objective:To investigate the risk factors of asthma in preschool children,we can provide strategies and measures of health education of asthma in preschool children for child health workers.Methods:From July 2018 to December 2019,126 preschool children,who were diagnosed with asthma in Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College and Wuhu Women and Child Health Care Hospital,were selected as the case group,and 126healthy children were matched as the control group according to the principle of the sex and age(±1 year).To investigate the family disease history,previous disease history,allergic disease history,environmental exposure and so on,single factor and multiple factor conditional logistic regression analysis were used to evaluate the related factors of asthma in preschool children.Results:1.General situation:There were 126 cases asthmatic preschool children in the case group and 126 nonasthmatic perschool children in the control group,there was no difference in rate of sex,and the constitution ratio between boys(72)and girls(54)was 1.33:1,the average age of the case group was 5.1(4.4,6.1)years,and the average age of the control group was 4.8(4.4,5.8)years.There was no significant difference in age between the two groups(Z=0.681,P>0.05).The proportion of difficulty-educate type temperamant children in the case group was higher than that in the control group(?~2=6.50,P<0.05).The proportion of easy-educate type children in the case group was lower than that in the control group(?~2=12.00,P<0.05).2.Single factor conditional logistic regression:Difficulty-educate type temperamant(OR=2.39,95%CI:1.01?5.63),family history of asthma(OR=2.77,95%CI:1.47?5.22),family history of allergic rhinitis(OR=2.21,95%CI:1.29?3.80),family history of eczema(OR=2.50,95%CI:1.20?5.21),allergic rhinitis(OR=2.47,95%CI:1.35?4.50),eczema(OR=2.35,95%CI:1.33?4.15),pneumonia(OR=3.40,95%CI:1.68?6.88),food allergy(OR=3.00,95%CI:1.64?5.49),premature birth(OR=4.25,95%CI:1.43?12.63),indoor mould exposure(OR=2.69,95%CI:1.42?5.09)and smoke exposure(OR=2.82,95%CI:1.42?5.61)were risk factors for asthma in preschool children.Breastfeeding duration for more than 6 months(OR=0.48,95%CI:0.28?0.81),adding complementary feeding before 6 months(OR=0.44,95%CI:0.26?0.74)and the solid wood floor(OR=0.56,95%CI:0.35?0.88)were protective factors for asthma in preschool children.3.Multiple factor conditional logisitc regression analysis:Family history of asthma(OR=2.75,95%CI:1.06?7.15),eczema(OR=2.85,95%CI:1.31?6.18),pneumonia(OR=2.96,95%CI:1.09?8.05),food allergy(OR=2.81,95%CI:1.20?6.56),indoor mould exposure(OR=5.58,95%CI:2.00?15.55),smoke exposure(OR=2.64,95%CI:1.12?6.23)and difficulty-educate type temperamant(OR=7.27,95%CI:1.67?31.60)were risk factors for asthma in preschool children.Breastfeeding duration for more than 6 months(OR=0.43,95%CI:0.02?0.99)was protective factor for asthma in preschool.Conclusion:1.Family history of asthma,eczema,pneumonia,food allergy are risk factors for asthma in preschool children,Therefore,regular screening,timely diagnosis,and early treatment of children's allergies and respiratory diseases are needed to prevent the occurrence of asthma.2.Mould exposure and tobacco smoke exposure may lead to asthma in children,so children's living environment should be mouldproof,keep indoor ventilation and dry,prevent tobacco smoke inhalation,and reduce exposure to environmental risk factors.3.Adhere to breastfeeding on children has a protective effect on asthma,therefore,we should advocate breastfeeding for newborns,in the community to actively promote the advantages and importance of breastfeeding.4.Preschool children with asthma in the proportion of difficulty-educate type temperamant is more,we should correctly guide children,cultivate optimistic attitude,actively do a good job of mental health education. |
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