| BackgroundAlthough the survival rate of premature infants has increased significantly in recent years as a result of prenatal steroid use,pulmonary surfactant treatment,appropriate ventilator use and care,improved nutrition and other interventions,chronic respiratory diseases such as bronchopulmonary dysplasia(BPD)remain common among survivors.BPD is a chronic disease that causes damage to the developing lung and pulmonary vascular system,common in preterm infants,and is one of the most common complications in very/low birth weight infants.Although the understanding of BPD pathogenesis has been greatly improved in recent years,not all the mechanisms leading to lung injury have been fully understood,so the clinical treatment of BPD is still unable to achieve a satisfactory result.The combination of multiple factors BPD,associated with sustained lung damage in children later in life,has had a significant impact on health services,as BPD increases their risk of developing respiratory diseases and reduces their quality of life.Therefore,we should actively pay attention to the prognosis and development of BPD children,understand their living conditions after discharge,do a good job of follow-up work,to educate the families of BPD children,as far as possible to reduce the rate of re-entry of BPD children,to help them grow up healthily.Since BPD has a great impact on the lung development of children and seriously affects their respiratory status,it is essential to understand the later development of the lung in BPD children,and we can evaluate the prognosis by following up the lung condition.At present,the follow-up of BPD children at home and abroad is mainly carried out by testing lung function and understanding the disease of respiratory tract-related diseases.The pulmonary function test of infants can provide clinical basis for the diagnosis and treatment of lung development and respiratory diseases.At present,tidal respiratory lung function test is widely used in infant lung function test.The method is relatively simple,repeatable and non-invasive,and can sensitively respond to BPD state of tidal respiratory lung function in children,help us understand the development of lung,and provide the basis for clinical diagnosis and prognosis.Therefore,this study BPD children with 40～44 weeks of gestational age and 1 year of age to correct the symptoms of tidal respiratory lung function and respiratory diseases within 1 year of age,in order to explore the lung function and short-term prognosis of BPD children,to provide the basis for clinical diagnosis and early intervention.Objective1.To investigate the effect of bronchopulmonary dysplasia on lung function of premature infants by following up the tidal respiratory lung function in children with bronchopulmonary dysplasia.2.To investigate the incidence of respiratory tract-related diseases in children with bronchopulmonary dysplasia by follow-up,and to provide basis for clinical diagnosis and early intervention.MethodsThe gestational age ≤32 weeks,hospitalization time>28 days,birth weight≤1500 g and 198 premature infants diagnosed as BPD from January 2017 to June 2018 in our hospital were selected as the control group,and 198 non-BPD premature infants with the same gestational age and weight as the control group.Follow-up studies were conducted to correct 40-44 weeks of gestational age and to correct gestational age up to 1 year of age,including tidal respiratory lung function and respiratory tract-related diseases within 1 year of age.The SPSS 21.0 was used to analyze the data,the measurement data were expressed by mean±standard deviation,the average comparison between the two groups by t test,the counting data by percentage(%),the comparison between groups by χ2 test,a statistically significant difference when P<0.05.Results1.When the gestational age was 40～44 weeks,the TPTEF/TE、VPTEF/VE、TV/kg of the BPD group was lower than that of the control group,and the RR、TEF75%、TEF50%was higher than that of the control group,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).the children in the BPD moderate-to-severe group met the moderate obstruction criteria(15%≤TPTEF/TE<23%)at the correction gestational age of 40-44 weeks.2.When the gestational age was 1 years old,the TPTEF/TE、VPTEF/VE of the BPD group was lower than that of the control group,and the RR、TEF75%、TEF50%、TEF25%was higher than that of the control group(P<0.05);the TPTEF/TE、VPTEF/VE of the moderate and severe groups were lower than that of the mild group,and the TEF75%、TEF50%was higher than that of the mild group(P<0.05).BPD moderate-to-severe group children met the standard of mild obstruction(23%≤TPTEF/TE<28%)when the gestational age was 1 years old.3.The incidence of bronchitis,bronchopneumonia and allergic diseases within 1 year of age in BPD group was significantly higher than that in the control group(P<0.05).BPD incidence of bronchitis,bronchopneumonia,wheezing,allergic diseases and re-entry were significantly lower in children in mild group than in children in moderate and severe group(P<0.05).Conclusions1.BPD children are more likely to develop obstructive ventilation dysfunction than children who are not BPD,and the severity of BPD also has an effect on lung function.2.Children with BPD are more susceptible to respiratory-related diseases than non-BPD children,and the severity of BPD also affects their incidence. |
