Marx And Engels' Discussion And Research On Medicine

Since the 18 th National Congress of the Communist Party of China,the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at the core has taken the health of the people as an important connotation for building a well-off society in an all-round way.Starting from safeguarding the health of the whole people and realizing long-term development,the Party Central Committee has incorporated the higher level of medical and health services enjoyed by all Chinese people into the "two-hundred-year" goal,promoted the construction of a healthy China,and laid a "healthy road"(1)centered on the people.Paying attention to the people's health is the proper meaning of the construction of socialism with Chinese characteristics,and it is the initial heart and vision of the Communist Party of China taking Marxism as its guiding ideology.People's health and medical care are issues that cannot be ignored in the study of social science.In the process of establishing Marxism,Marx and Engels also paid attention to them.In the era when Marx and Engels lived,the proletariat was cruelly exploited and oppressed by the bourgeoisie,the necessary social medical security system was seriously lacking,and the health of the majority of working workers could not be guaranteed.In the process of Marx and Engels' realistic analysis of capitalist society and theoretical construction of scientific socialism,medicine,as a practical problem that cannot be ignored,entered the research field of Marx and Engels.From the existing literature,we can see that Marx and Engels have made many discussions on medical related fields in their articles,works and letters.In these discussions,there are not only opinions on medical workers,but also opinions on medical practice and public health development.There are not only analyses based on the broad perspective of social research,but also views on specific medical theory and practice.To this day,these theoretical viewpoints of Marx and Engels,especially their basic stand principles and some key points,are still irrefutable truths and have great theoretical value and guiding significance for the construction and development of related fields in contemporary China.As General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out at the meeting commemorating the 200 th anniversary of Marx's birth,"Marxist ideological theory is extensive and profound,and learning is often new."(1)The purpose of studying Marx and Engels' series of discussions on medicine is to "learn and practice Marxism from a relatively novel perspective and continuously draw scientific wisdom and theoretical strength from it."(2)The full text mainly includes five parts.The first part introduces the background and significance of the topic,the research status at home and abroad,the research ideas and contents,the research emphases and difficulties,and the research methods and innovations.The second part analyzes the background of Marx and Engels' discussion on medicine.On the one hand,while the industrial revolution accelerated the rapid accumulation of material wealth in capitalist society,it also led to poverty and health problems of the proletariat.However,due to the chronic diseases of the capitalist system,the alienation of doctors' labor and doctor-patient relationship,social contradictions are particularly prominent and sharp in the medical field.On the other hand,based on the rapid development of social science and natural science in the 19 th century,the medical theory and practice at that time made breakthrough progress,which provided support for Marx and Engels to discuss the problems in the medical field and further analyze the capitalist society.The third part combs the main viewpoints of Marx and Engels on medical treatment.On the one hand,Marx and Engels expounded their views on the medical workers at that time from three aspects: the value of medical workers,their cognition and their culture.On the other hand,Marx and Engels expressed their respective views on some medical theories and medical practices that appeared in the society at that time.The fourth part summarizes the basic standpoint and characteristics of Marx and Engels on medicine.The world outlook of dialectical materialism and the people as the main body are the basic standpoint of Marx and Engels on medicine.The characteristics of Marx and Engels' exposition are to analyze from the perspective of politics and economy,to describe the narrative with investigation facts,to refute bourgeois' s theory of deceiving the world,and to respect historical laws and ethics.The fifth part discusses the contemporary enlightenment of Marx and Engels on medicine.Marx and Engels' discussion on medicine is still of great guiding significance and practical value for the current construction of socialism with Chinese characteristics,especially in firmly establishing the guiding position of Marxism in the development of medicine and developing the cause of socialist medicine with Chinese characteristics.