The Relationship Between The Satisfaction Of Basic Psychological Needs, Self-determination Motivation And Physical Exercise Behavior Of The Elderly In Community

Objective: To investigate the satisfaction of basic psychological needs,self-determination motivation and physical exercise behavior of the elderly in community of Bengbu city;To analyze the differences of basic psychological needs,self-determination motivation and physical exercise behavior among the elderly with different demographic characteristics in the community;To explore the relationship between the basic psychological needs and physical exercise behavior of the elderly in the community.To enrich the empirical research of self-determination theory,to promote the generation and increase of physical exercise behavior of the elderly in the community,to form a healthy lifestyle,to reduce the rate of chronic diseases,and to promote the health of the elderly in the community.Methods: From May to July 2019,460 elderly people in Bengbu city were selected by stratified sampling method.The basic psychological need satisfaction scale,exercise behavior regulation scale-3 and physical activity rating scale were used to measure the basic psychological need satisfaction,self-determination motivation and physical exercise behavior of the elderly.Descriptive statistical analysis was used for general data,and independent sample t test,analysis of variance,chi-square test and non-parametric rank sum test were used to analyze the influencing factors.Spearman correlation analysis and structural equation model were used to analyze the satisfaction of basic psychological needs,the correlation between self-determination motivation and physical exercise behavior,and established the mediating effect of self-determination motivation on basic psychological needs and physical exercise behavior,with P<0.05 as the test level.Results: 1.Among the 460 elderly people in the community,the score of exercise intensity is(1.307±0.701),the score of exercise time is(2.735±1.406),the score of exercise frequency is(3.991±1.402),and the score of exercise amount is(17.307±15.356).261 elderly people are of small amount of exercise,accounting for 56.7% of the total;171 elderly people with moderate amount of exercise,accounting for 37.2% of the total number of people;28 elderly people are of large amount of exercise,accounting for 6.1% of the total.Physical exercise for the elderly is mainly concentrated in the form of small amount of exercise and low intensity exercise.2.According to the difference analysis of the basic psychological needs of the elderly in the community with different demographic characteristics,it is found that the scores of the elderly with different educational levels,household registration types,occupations,monthly income and years of exercise had statistical significance(P<0.05).There are statistically significant differences in scores of the elderly with different gender,education level,household type,occupation and years of exercise in the competency requirements(P<0.05).There are statistically significant differences in the scores of the relationship needs of the elderly with different household types,monthly income and years of exercise(P<0.05).There are statistically significant differences in the total scores of basic psychological needs of the elderly with different educational level,household type,occupation and monthly income(P<0.05).3.It is found from the differences in self-determination motivation of elderly people in communities with different demographic characteristics that the scores of autonomous motivation of elderly people in communities with different household types and years of fitness were statistically significant(P<0.05).Other items such as gender,age,education level,occupation,monthly income and number of chronic diseases have not statistical significance in independent motivation(P>0.05).4.According to the differences in the physical exercise behaviors of the elderly in communities with different demographic characteristics,it is found that the scores of exercise intensity of the elderly with different gender,household type and monthly income are statistically significant(P<0.05).The scores of exercise time of the elderly with different household type and monthly income are statistically significant(P<0.05).The scores of exercise frequency of the elderly with different household type,occupation and monthly income are statistically significant(P<0.05).The scores of exercise amount of the elderly with different household type and monthly income are statistically significant(P<0.05).5.There is a positive correlation between the satisfaction of basic psychological needs,self-determination motivation and physical exercise behavior of the elderly in the community(P<0.05).The direct effect of the satisfaction of basic psychological needs on the physical exercise behavior is not significant,but to promote the physical exercise behavior of the elderly in the community through the improvement of self-determination motivation.The path coefficient of the level of satisfaction of basic psychological needs affecting the physical exercise behavior of the elderly in the community with the mediator of self-determination motivation is 0.376.Conclusion: 1.The satisfaction of basic psychological needs can significantly promote the self-determination motivation and physical exercise behavior of the elderly in the community.In the process of physical exercise,we should increase the behavior oriented by autonomous needs satisfaction and increase the internal motivation of the elderly in the community.That is to say,let the elderly in the community to obtain a sense of self-determination,followed by a sense of belonging and competence,in order to promote the internal motivation and improve the level of self-determination motivation.2.Through the satisfaction of three basic psychological needs,it can promote the internalization of motivation,improve the level of self-determination,and make the community elderly people's physical exercise behavior come into being and stick to it for a long time.