Effects Of Father Smoking On Offspring's Respiratory System

OBJECTIVE:Currently,male smokers make up the majority of smoking consumers,and what is worryingly is the adverse impact on their offspring.As the use of IQOS increases,the effect of paternal IQOS exposure on lung development in offspring is unclear.This article investigated the effects of long-term parental exposure to traditional cigarettes and IQOS on the offspring's respiratory system.METHODS:1?Thirty male C57 BL / 6 mice were divided into three different groups randomly: control group,cigarette group and IQOS group.The control group was not smoked,while the male mice in the cigarette group and the IQOS group were passively smoked under the same conditions for 6 months.The male mice and the non-smoked female mice were paired to give birth naturally.Three weeks later,Peripheral blood,lung tissue,and alveolar lavage fluid were collected from three groups of offspring mice.2?After HE and Masson staining,we observed and record the related changes of morphology and fibrosis in the tissue cells of the offspring.3?That the expression levels of inflammatory factors such as IL-1?,TNF-? and IL-6 in the lung tissue,peripheral blood and alveolar lavage fluid of the offspring mice were detected by ELISA.Different kits were used to measure the levels of oxidative stress such as MDA and SOD in the lung tissue of offspring mice.At the same time,further immunohistochemistry was performed on paraffin-embedded offspring mouse lung tissues to evaluate the expression differences among the three groups of offspring mice.4?What a total of 167 neonates and pediatric children were born in the obstetrics department of The Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital between December 1,2017 and December 1,2019 were included in this study.They were divided into 2 groups.The control group consisted of 71 fathers with no tobacco exposure history,and the exposed group consisted of 96 fathers with smoking history.According to the father's tobacco exposure,it could be divided into: 1 to 5 sticks / d,6 to 10 sticks / d,11 to 15 sticks / d,16 to 20 sticks / d,> 20 sticks / d.Pulmonary function was tested and analyzed in two groups of offspring.RESULT:1?There is no significant difference in lung weight,body weight,and gender between the three groups of offspring mice.The HE staining results reveal that compared with the control group,the alveolar size of the offspring mice of the IQOS group and the cigarette group were different,the alveolar cavity was slightly expanded,and the local alveolar space was widened.Lymphocyte infiltration in the alveolar septum.Masson staining showed that compared with the control group,the progeny of the cigarette group had slightly more collagen fibers.What the lung tissue of the mice in the IQOS group showed more collagen fibers than the former two,and some of the alveolar structures were disordered.2?Among lung tissue inflammatory factor expression levels,the levels of IL-1? protein in the IQOS and cigarette groups were increased which compared with the control group(P <0.05,P <0.05),while there was no difference between the IQOS group and the cigarette group;Which compared with the control group,the expression of TNF-? protein in the IQOS group doubled(P <0.05),and the expression of TNF-? in the cigarette group increased significantly(P<0.01).The expression of IL-6 protein in the IQOS group increased compared with the control group(P<0.05),IL-6 in the cigarette group was significantly increased compared with the control group(P<0.01).In the expression of inflammatory factors in peripheral blood,compared with the control group,the levels of IL-6 protein in the IQOS and cigarette groups were higher than which in the control group(P<0.01,P<0.01),but there was no fulfilling difference between IQOS and the cigarette group;Compared with the control group,the expression of TNF-? protein in the IQOS and cigarette groups were significantly increased(P<0.01,P<0.01).The expression of inflammatory factors in alveolar lavage fluid can be seen.Compared with the control group,the IL-6 protein level in the IQOS group has an increasing trend(P<0.05),and the IL-6 in the cigarette group has a significant increase(P<0.001);IQOS The levels of TNF-? protein in the cigarette and cigarette groups increased significantly(P<0.001,P <0.001),but which has no statistically significant difference between IQOS and the cigarette group.Immunohistochemistry showed that TGF-? was widely expressed in the lung tissue of the offspring mice in the cigarette smoke group and the IQOS group,and the expression of TGF-? in the cigarette smoke group was higher than that in the control group and the IQOS group.3?The results of clinical data are similar to the results of cell experiment analysis.The results of lung function of the offspring showed that the VPEF / VE measurement results of the 1-year-old offspring exposed to 11 to 15 cigarettes per day by the father were inferior to the control group(P<0.05).Cigarette smoke was exposed to 16 to 20 cigarettes in the neonatal period and the 2-year-old offspring peak volume ratio was significantly inferior to the control group(P<0.05,P<0.05);fathers were exposed to cigarette smoke to 16 to 20 cigarettes daily.The measurement of lung tidal volume in the 1-year-old offspring was significantly lower than that in the control group(P<0.01).CONCLUSION:1?Alveolar cavity structure of IQOS and cigarette progeny mice was damaged in HE and Masson staining.2?What the expression of IL-6,TNF-? and other inflammatory factors in the lungs and peripheral blood of the offspring mice of the IQOS and cigarette groups increased;and the immunohistochemical results of the two groups showed that the expression of TGF-? was increased.3.?Father's long-term cigarette exposure has adverse effects on the lung function of offspring in varying degrees.