Construction And Effect Evaluation Of Active Aging Intervention Program For Rural Older Adults Under The Background Of "Internet+"

ObjectiveUnderstand the level and current situation of active aging of rural older adults,and construct and implement an intervention program for active aging of rural older adults based on the "Internet+" background,evaluate its initial operational effects,and provide valuable information for the future promotion of active aging of rural older adults reference.MethodsThis research is divided into three parts:Part I:Research on the status of active aging of rural older adultsThe first stage:status survey on the active ageing level of rural older adultsUsing the revised "Active Aging Questionnaire for Rural Older Adults" in this study as a survey tool,a convenient sampling method was used to extract 625 rural older adults people in administrative villages under the jurisdiction of a city in Henan Province to conduct a questionnaire survey to understand and analyze the actual degree and influencing factors of the active aging of the rural older adults to provide a basis for the design of subsequent intervention program.The second stage:Research on the cognitive experience of rural older adults and caregivers on active agingThe purpose sampling method was used to select 27 rural older adults,17 rural older adults caregivers to conduct a semi-structured interview to understand the demand and existing problems of active ageing in rural older adults to provide a reference for the design of intervention program.Part II:Construction and revision of intervention program for rural older adultsThis section is based on the "Internet+" background.Based on the previous literature review,interview analysis,and questionnaire survey,the first draft of an active aging intervention program for rural older adults is formulated.Then use Delphi expert consultation method to revise the first draft,and finally form the final intervention program.Part III:Effect evaluation of rural older adults active aging intervention program?Quasi-experiment study:Based on the principle of informed consent,rural older adults in two administrative villages A and B under the jurisdiction of Hebi City,Henan Province were selected,with 50 people in each village,which were the intervention group and the control group.The older adults in the intervention group participated in the active aging intervention program for rural older adults.The older adults in the control group participated in the routine health education activities of the village clinics at the health level,and participated in the daily activities organized by the local village committees at the participation level;and participated in the routine popularization activities organized by the local township health centers at the security level.Before and after the intervention,Active Aging Questionnaire for Rural Older Adults,Self-rated Abilities for Health Practices Scale(SRAHP),Leisure Benefit Scale,Perceived Social Support Scale(PSSS)were used to evaluate two groups of older adults.?Qualitative study,using the objective sampling method to select 8 intervention group older adults and 4 caregivers for semi-structured interviews and analyze the data.ResultsPart ?:?The total score of active aging of rural older adults is 70.00(30.00)points,which is at a low level;in the specific dimension,the "self-care ability" score is the highest,and the score of "establishing economic security" is the lowest.The factors that affect the active aging of rural older adults include age,marital status,living conditions,personal monthly income,sleep quality,exercise times per week,fitness facilities,and support of family members for social participation.?Through the analysis of interview data,three themes and two sub-themes were extracted for the "health" level of active aging:lack of health cognition,positive health beliefs,and deviations in health behaviors(obvious delays in medical treatment behaviors and insufficient compliance with diagnosis and treatment);four themes and three sub-themes were extracted for the "participation" level of active aging:Strong desire for social participation,single social participation activities,factors affecting social participation of rural older adults(worried about increasing family burden,lack of facilities for social participation,others' attitudes towards the older adults),easy to be mislead by bad business practices;two themes were extracted for the "participation"level of active aging:lack of social security knowledge and diversified security needs.Part ?:After the initial construction of the intervention plan,it was revised based on two rounds of Delphi expert advice,and finally an active aging intervention prpgram for the rural older adults was constructed.The program includes 8 topics in total:approaching active aging,actively helping each other to win distant relatives,doing safe at home,doing everything in self-care,actively preventing dazzling eyes,exerting residual heat,helping to protect our rights,Active life always follows.Part ?:?Quasi-experiment study:The baseline data of the older adults in the intervention group and the control group were balanced(P>0.05).After the 10-week intervention,The t-test results of two independent samples show that the total score of Active Aging Questionnaire for Rural Older Adults in the intervention group is higher than that in the control group(P<0.05);The total score of Self-rated Abilities for Health Practices Scale of the older adults in the intervention group was higher than that of the control group(P<0.05);The total score of Perceived Social Support Scale of the older adults in the intervention group was higher than that of the control group(P<0.05);The total score of Leisure Benefit Scale of older adults in the intervention group was higher than that of the control group(P<0.05)..?Qualitative study:Three themes were refined.Including the advantages of intervention programs,the effects of intervention programs,and further expectations for intervention programs.Advantages of the intervention program:the form is diverse and easy to understand,and the interaction of WeChat groups generates "the power of role models";the effect of the intervention program:the establishment of active ageing perspective,and the transformation of health level(mastery of health knowledge,practice of self-health management),the transformation of participation level(increasing interaction and mutual assistance behavior,establishment of risk prevention awareness),the transformation of security level(acquisition of old-age security knowledge,perception of social support);further expectations for intervention programs:increase the form of outdoor activities,ensure long-term availability of intervention data and set alternatives for emergencies.ConclusionThe active aging intervention program for rural older adults based on the"Internet+" background can improve the overall level of active aging of rural older adults,enhance the healthy behavioral capabilities of rural seniors,improve their perception of social support and improve rural older adults' awareness of leisure benefits,which can provide reference for future active aging activities in rural areas.