The Distribution,Accumulation And Antioxidative Activity Of Components Of Platycodon Grandiflorum In Anhui

[Objective]Platycodonis Radix?PR?,the root of Platycodon grandiflorus?Jacq.?A.DC,is widely distributed in various regions of China as a traditional Chinese medicinal material.As one of the"top ten great Anhui traditional Chinese medicines",PR is an authentic medicinal material in Anhui.Among them,the PR produced in Tongcheng has excellent medicinal quality,and it is commonly known as"Tong jiegeng".Taihe is the most important producing areas of Platycodon grandiflorum in China.The PR in Taihe is mainly exported to South Korea for processing for pickle.In this paper,the distribution,accumulation and antioxidant activity of the platycodon grandiflorum from Tongcheng and Taihe in Anhui were studied,and provides a basis for the quality research and resource utilization of Platycodon grandiflorum from Anhui.[Method]?1?The content of eight kinds of saponin monomers?Platycodin D,Platycodin E,Polygalacin D,Deapioplatycodin E.Deapioplatycodin D₃,Platycodin D₂,Platycodin D₃,Deapioplatycodin D?and total saponins in different tissue parts?peridermis,secondary phloem,secondary xylem?in the roots of Tongcheng and Taihe Platycodon grandiflorum were determined by colorimetric method and high performance liquid chromatography-evaporative light scattering method.?2?Laser microdissection technology was used to separate 3 tissue parts of the root of Platycodon grandiflorum?peripheral,secondary phloem,secondary xylem?,and then use ultra performance liquid chromatography-time of flight mass spectrometry?UPLC-Q/TOF-MS?to qualitative analyze the chemical composition of the compounds.The characteristic difference markers of 3 tissue parts of PR were studied in combination with the orthogonal partial least squares discrimination mode.?3?The colorimetric method was used to determine the contents of total saponins,total polysaccharides and total amino acids in PR from January to December in Taihe and Tongcheng and analyze the accumulation of various components of PR.?4?The DPPH and ABTS methods were used to evaluate the antioxidant activities of PR in Tongcheng and Taihe and their different tissue parts in vitro.[Result]?1?The content of total saponins and the sum of the 8 saponin monomers in the pericarp was highest in Tongcheng or Taihe.The contents of total saponin and the sum of the 8 saponin monomers in the pericarp,secondary phloem and secondary xylem of PR in Tongcheng were higher than that of Taihe.Except for Platycodin E,the content of saponin monomer in PR from Tongcheng is higher than that from Taihe.The pericarp,secondary phloem,and secondary xylem of PR in Taihe do not contain Deapioplatycodin D.The content of Polygalacin D in PR collected from Tongcheng is nearly 5 times that of Taihe,which has the most difference amomg all kinds of 8saponin monomers.In addition,Platycodin D has the highest content among the eight saponin monomers,followed by Platycodin E.?2?Laser microdissection technology can accurately identify and cut the pericarp,secondary phloem,and secondary xylem in PR.UPLC-Q/TOF-MS results showed that there was no difference in the composition of PR in Tongcheng and Taihe.A total of 93 chemical components were identified from PR,including 55 triterpenoid saponins,15 flavonoids,10 organic acids,4 phenylpropanoids,3 alkaloids,2 ester terpenes,One nucleotides,quinones,amide and alcohol.However,there are differences between the three different tissue parts,and the Periderm contains higher saponins.?3?The results of component accumulation research showed that the accumulation trends of total saponins,total polysaccharides and total amino acids in PR from Tongcheng and Taihe were similar from January to December,and the trends of different growth years also showed high consistency.The PR from Tongcheng collected in October of the second year contains higher total saponin content.The PR from Taihe collected in September to October of the third year all contained high total polysaccharide and total amino acid content.In addition,the content of total saponins and total amino acids in PR collected from Tongcheng was higher than that of Taihe,and the total polysaccharide content was lower than that of PR collected from Taihe.?4?Antioxidant activity studies showed that the DPPH antioxidant activity of PR from Tongcheng was higher than that of Taihe,and the DPPH antioxidant activity of pericarp was higher than that of secondary phloem and secondary xylem.There was no significant difference in ABTS antioxidant activity of PR between Tongcheng and Taihe,and there was no significant difference in ABTS antioxidant activity between different tissue parts.[Conclusion]By studying the secondary metabolites and DPPH antioxidant activity of different tissues in the PR produced in two producing areas,it is shown that the PR produced in Tongcheng is more suitable for medicinal use and the PR produced in Taihe is more edible.These results provide a scientific basis for the excellent medicinal quality of“Tong jiegeng”and its industrial development.Based on the dynamic changes of the total saponins,total polysaccharides and total amino acids in PR produced in Taihe and Tongcheng,it is recommended that the PR produced in Tongcheng should be collected in October of the second year,and the PR produced in Taihe should be collected in September to October of the third year.