Study On Evaluation Method Of Velvet Antler Quality

Velvet antler is a valuable Chinese medicine with many functions.In addition to its medicinal value,it is also a natural healthy food that is favored by domestic consumers.However,the quality of velvet antler is also due to some factors such as its variety,size,growth period and growth site.As far as the current technology is concerned,the velvet antler slices and powders of unknown product specifications are only indistinguishable from the appearance,which poses certain difficulties for the regulation of the velvet antler commodity market.In the current market environment with a wide variety of velvet antlers,the development of a simple and rapid identification method for velvet antler is the primary research focus.In this paper,we mainly explored the evaluation method of velvet antler quality.Study the microscopic characteristics of velvet antler powder with different specifications,the characteristics of 12 different specifications of velvet antler powder were observed by the conventional chloral hydrate production method.The results showed that a large number of fluffy pieces,scattered keratinized spindle cells,epidermal horny layer,unossified bone tissue and bone fragments were observed under powder microscopy of velvet antler with different specifications.Microscopic results of velvet antler powders of different growth years and sites showed: 4 growing sites of velvet antlers slices with different growth years had the above 5 kinds of tissue structures,and the velvet hairs of two-branch velvet antler were more abundant,and reborn velvet antler hairs were rougher than the bristles of two-branch velvet antler and three-branch velvet antler.There were fewer bone fragments in the wax slices and blood slices of two-branch velvet antler,and more bone fragments were distributed under the bone slices.The microscopic results of the 4 growth sites of three-branch velvet antler and the reborn velvet antler showed a large distribution of bone fragments.It can provide reference for microscopic identification research of velvet antler.To study the correlation between the color of deer antler of different specifications and its chemical composition,the purpose of this study was to investigate the color and chemical composition of 4 growth parts in different growth years contain two-branch velvet antler,three-branch velvet antler and reborn velvet antler,as well as analyze the relationship between color characteristics and protein,polysaccharide and phospholipid of velvet antler.The color parameters of 4 kinds of slices with different growth period was detected by CIEL*a*b* color space.The content of protein,polysaccharide and phospholipid was determined by Coomassie brilliant blue method,phenol sulfuric acid method and molybdenum blue colorimetric method respectively.The correlation between the color and composition of various specifications of velvet antler slices was analyzed.The results showed that there were significant differences in the color and chemical composition of velvet antler with different years.In terms of color,powder slices and blood slices of two-branch velvet antler showed strong brightness,redness and yellowness,and three-branch velvet antler and reborn velvet antler showed weaker shades.The greater the a* and b* of the velvet antler’s wax slice that more obvious about taupe.When L*,a* and b* was larger then the brighter the color of the powder slice,and the deeper brown of blood slice.When a*,b* value was larger that the color of the bone slice is yellower.The chemical composition analysis of velvet antler showed that chemical contents of protein,polysaccharide and phospholipid in wax slice,powder slice,blood slice and bone slice decreased in turn.For different years of velvet antler,the content of protein and polysaccharide in two-branch velvet antler is the largest,and reborn velvet antlert was the smallest.Correlation analysis showed that color parameter b* had a significant correlation with chemical composition of velvet antler.It provides experimental basis and theoretical basis for the study of pharmacodynamics and chemical composition of antler.Study infrared spectroscopy combined with PLS-DA method to identify antler.The infrared spectrum of 12 velvet antlers in different growth years and sites was determined by FT-IR method,and combined with partial least squares method to realize PLS-DA discriminant analysis of velvet antler.Different specifications of velvet antler had obvious differences in NH stretching vibration,amide I,II belt,C-H stretching vibration and deformation vibration peak shape and peak position.The method of combining IR and PLS-DA was applied to the discriminant model established by the calibration set.and the correlation coefficient between the calibration and verification results and the actual subvariate exceeds 0.91.The cross-validation root mean square error and predicted root mean square error were less than 0.26.The infrared spectroscopy of 12 kinds of velvet antlers in the verification set was determined by the model,and the recognition rate was 100%,and the model effect was good.Provide a theoretical basis for the establishment of the velvet antler infrared spectrum database.Study the qualitative analysis of ultraviolet spectra of velvet antler based on clustering analysis.UV-visible spectrophotometry was used to determine the ultraviolet spectroscopy of 12 velvet antler samples with different years and sites.The velvet antler materials were identified and analyzed by Q-clustering analysis method.The results showed that UV spectroscopy was not intuitive for the classification of 4 different growth sites.The classification effect of three different antler antlers(two bar velvet,three velvet antler and regenerated velvet)was obvious and can be accurately identified.This has certain reference value for rapid identification of medicinal materials and classification identification.Study on Plane Chromatography Fingerprint of Velvet Antler.TLC was used to compare and analyze the amino acids in phospholipids and ethanol extracts and water extracts of different commercial specifications of antler ether extracts.SDS-PAGE electrophoresis analysis of the molecular weight distribution of velvet antler protein.The corresponding fingerprints were drawn and analyzed according to the two quantitative data.Results: 9 spots were observed in the TLC of the ether extract.The number of spots observed by TLC of antler ethanol and water extracts was 5 and 6,respectively.SDS-PAGE gel electrophoresis spectra of velvet antler protein with different specifications showed that powder slices of velvet antler had the highest number of electrophoresis bands and contain a variety of molecular weight proteins,followed by wax slices,blood slices and bone slices.There were significant differences in protein molecular weights in different samples.There were significant differences in peak intensity and peak position between the two chromatographic fingerprints of different specifications of velvet antler.It provides a scientific basis for the quality evaluation and identification medicinal materials and the application of velvet antler.