The Prevalence And Influence Factors Of Myopia In Primary Students In Liaozhong County

Purpose: Myopia is a serious public health issues,which is spread worldwidely.It is one of the five ocular conditions that considered as an immediate priority by the World Health Organization's Global Initiative for the Elimination of Avoidable Blindness.The incidence of myopia is 33% in the whole population of China,it is 1.5 times of the world average level.Teenagers are susceptible to myopia,the prevalence of Chinese teenagers ranks at first in the world.Myopia shows a trend of low age,it is one of three public health issues in Chinese campus.The study has investigated the prevalence of myopia of primary students in Liaozhong county,evaluating the risk factors and given the priority order,in order to providing scientific suggestion for the prevention of myopia.Method: Using the method of stratified cluster sampling,we have selected one urban primary school and one rural primary school in Liaozhong county.One class is randomly selected form all classes in each grade form 1 to 6 in the two schools.All the students in selected classes are regarded as respondents,there are 438 students in total,including 200 urban ones and 238 rural ones.Then visual examination and questionnaire survey have been carried out.There are 876 cases in total.Students' refractive state is judged by computer optometry in the study,the diopter S?-0.5 is regarded as diagnostic criteria of myopia.The prevalence of myopia has been calculated as the percentage of myopia eyes in total number of surveyed eyes.The questionnaire survey has been carried out through interview among the primary students in demographic factors,individual behavioral factors and parental genetic factors.The demographic factors include age,urban or rural,gender,nationality,and classes.The individual behavioral factors include sleeping time,outdoor activities time,indoor exercise time,using electronic products time,and afterschool programs.The parental genetic factors mainly include parental myopia.SPSS 20.0 software has been used for statistical analysis.Univariate analysis of count variable has been performed by Chi-square test.Univariate analysis of continuous variable has been carried out by logistic regression analysis.Multivariate analysis has been executed by bivariate logistic regression.P<0.05 is regarded as the statistical significance standard.Result: There are 214 myopia samples in survey,the prevalence of myopia is 24.4%.The myopia prevalence is 27.9% in girls and 21.1% in boys.The myopia prevalence of students from grade 1 to grade 6 is 3.4%,8.1%,9.8%,22.4%,37.2% and 52.9%,respectively.The myopia prevalence is 23.5% in urban and 25.2% in rural.The prevalence is 27.4% in Han nationality students and 3.6% in ethnic minorities.Univariate analysis shows that myopia is associated with factors such as gender,nationality,age,grade,indoor exercise time,outdoor activities time,using electronic products time,sleeping time and parent myopia.As result of logistic regression analyze,myopia is linked with the following factors in order: nationality(OR=8.662,P<0.05),parental myopia(OR=3.176,P<0.05),outdoor activities time(OR=2.063,P<0.05),indoor exercise time(OR=2.015,P<0.05),grade(OR=2.013,P<0.05),gender(OR=1.702,P<0.05),using electronic product time(OR=1.684,P<0.05),and sleeping time(OR=0.752,P<0.05).Discussion: In this study,we have investigated the myopia level and its risk factors of primary students in Liaozhong county by using the method of stratified cluster sampling.The method of myopia examination is generally recognized in domestic and abroad.The main risk factors of myopia in primary students are included demographic factors,personal behavior factors and parental genetic factors.In addition to ethnic and genetic factors,the factors of activities and sleeping time have significant effects on myopia,using electronic product time also contributes to the increasing of myopia.In order to control myopia effectively,pupils should raise a health eye using habit,by increasing outdoor activity and sports exercise,reducing using electronic product,and assuring sufficient sleeping,which are useful for raising pupils eye health level.