Study On The Developmental Level And Its Influencing Factors Of 260 Children Aged 0-6 Years Old

Objective: To study the development level of 260 children aged 0~6 years old in each functional area,to analyze the risk factors and protective factors affecting the early child development(ECD),to provide scientific basis for ECD,to explore coping strategies for ECD,and promote the comprehensive development of children.Methods: Applying the method of intentional sampling,children aged 0~6 years old with normal physical development and their caregivers were selected from the community physical examination clinic of Shanxi province Children's Hospital from November 2017 to March 2018.The effective number was 260,and the ratio of male to female was 1:1.With the consent of the child caregivers,the questionnaires were filled out,including "General Situation Questionnaire","Family Rearing Environment Scale" and "China 0~6-year-old Children Development Assessment Scale".With the guidance of the researcher,the parents were completed the "China 0~6 years old children development assessment scale","general situation questionnaire" and "family rearing environment scale",which were reviewed by the researcher and retrieved on the spot.All the data were carefully checked and sorted out.After encoding,the data were doubly entered into the computer.The database was established by SPSS23.0 software,and the statistical analysis was carried out.One-way analysis were applied t-test,variance analysis,Pearson correlation analysis,Kruskal-Wallis H rank sum test when variance was uneven,and multiple linear regression analysis was used for multivariate analysis.Results: 1?There were gender differences in 260 children's developmental quotients(DQ): boys in the 0~1 year old group scored higher than girls in the subscales of motor,language and social adaptation,but the difference was not significant.There were significant differences in DQ between boys and girls over 1 year old.Girls in language subscale scored significantly higher than boys in 1-2 year old group(t(28)-2.643,,P(28)0.013).Girls in motor subscale scored significantly higher than boys in 2-3 year old group(t(28)-2.645,,P(28)0.011).There was no significant difference in gender in social adaptation subscale(P(29)0.05).There was no significant gender difference in DQ in the 8 functional subscales of motor,language,social adaptation,interpersonal communication,mathematical cognition,visual space,natural observation and music in the 3-6 year-old group.(P(29)0.05).2?Univariate analysis showed that there were significant differences in the factors of father's occupation(H(28)12.350,P(28)0.015)and mother's educational level(H(28)14.075,P(28)0.003).There was no significant difference in the factors of family structure type?family monthly income?mother's gestational age?gestational age?mode of delivery?father's educational level and mother's occupation.3?The results of correlation analysis showed that:the DQ of 0~3 year-old group was positively correlated with the "Family Rearing Environment Scale" subscale scores of perception/language/cognition(r(28)0.341,P(27)0.001),emotional warmth/environment climate(r(28)0.292,P(28)0.001)and interpersonal interaction/feeding(social adaptation/self-care)(r(28)0.245,P(28)0.005),but no correlated with the subscale scores of neglect/restriction/punishment(r(28)-0.132,P(28)0.139);positively correlated with the time spent with mothers(r(28)0.182,P(28)0.045),sleeping hour every day(r(28)0.385,P(27)0.001)and outdoor activities hour every day(r(28)0.221,P(28)0.012),but no correlated with the time spent with fathers(r(28)0.093,P(28)0.296);negatively correlated with exposure time to electronic products(r(28)-0.279,P(28)0.001).The DQ of 3~6 year-old group was positively correlated with "Family Rearing Environment Scale" subscale scores of language cognition(r(28)0.251,P(28)0.004),social adaptation/self-management(r(28)0.153,P(28)0.080),activity diversity/game participation(r(28)0.307,P(27)0.001)and environmental(r(28)0.291,P(28)0.001),but no correlated with the subscale scores of emotional warmth/self-expression,neglect/interference/punishment(P(29)0.05);no correlated with the time spent with mothers and fathers,sleeping hour every day and outdoor activities hour every day(P(29)0.05).4?The results of multiple linear regression showed that the regression model of 0-3-year-old DQ had statistical significance(F(28)5.090,P(27)0.001).The most influential factor to DQ was the mother's educational level(t(28)2.885 P(28)0.005),followed by the father's occupation(t(28)2.066 P(28)0.041).All the influencing factors of 3-6 years old did not enter the regression equation.Conclusion: There is some gender differences in the early development level.There are differences in children's development level between different types of fathers' occupations.The protect factors of ECD are mother's higher educational level,child spending more time with mother,enough sleeping time,spending more time outdoors,parents providing more sensory and cognitive stimulation,warm emotional environment,more opportunities for social adaptation,self-management and exercise,relaxing atmosphere,more interpersonal interaction and diverse activities.The risk factors of ECD is prolonged exposure to electronic products every day.It is suggested that parents should increase protective factors,reduce risk factors,improve family nurturing environment,rationally use electronic products to promote ECD.