Effects Of Adverse Childhood Experiences On Adolescents' Self-Esteem And Self-Consciousness

Objective:To describe the levels of self-esteem and self-consciousness of adolescents and the incidence rates of adverse childhood experiences.Explore the effects of adverse childhood experiences on adolescents'self-esteem and self-consciousness.Methods:A convenience sampling method was used to collect data from four middle schools in e'zhou city in Hubei province in October 2017.Totally,we recruited2278 students in 44 classes from 7-12 grades to answer the scales.2213 scales were valid and the rate of valid scales recovery was 97.1%.Adverse childhood scale,self-esteem scale and self-consciousness scale were sent to students to answer the questions.EpiDate and SPSS21.0 software were used to record,manage data.t-test,F-test,?~2-test and multiple linear regression were used to analyze the data.Results:(1)2213 adolescents were included in this study.Average age was14.39±1.76 years old.1297 boys were included,accounting for 58.6%;girls were 916,accounting for 41.4%.Boys'and girls'average age were respectively 14.57±1.78 years old and 14.14±1.69 years old.(2)The incidence rate of adverse childhood experiences was 97.4%and the incidence rate of neglect and abuse experiences,family dysfunction,peer bullying,community violence and collective violence were respectively 96.1%,57.9%,73.7%,53.6%,4.5%.The incidence rate of adverse childhood experiences,neglect and abuse experience,peers bullying and community violence was significant different on gender factor(P<0.05).(3)The scores of self-esteem in this study were 28.24±4.45.The scores of self-esteem were significant different on gender,family types,fathers and mothers'education levels,parents'relationships,main caregivers,parenting styles and family average income per month factors(P<0.05).(4)The scores of self-consciousness,private self-consciousness,public self-consciousness,and society anxiety scores were respectively 76.51±14.20,32.93±6.08,23.44±5.49,20.14±4.67.The scores of self-consciousness were significant different on gender and grades factors(P<0.05).(5)The scores of self-esteem and self-consciousness were significant different on,family dysfunction,peer bullying,community violence and collective violence factors(P<0.05).The scores of self-consciousness were significant from on neglect and abuse experience,family dysfunction and collective violence(P<0.05).(6)Self-esteem was associated with gender,parents'relationships,mothers'education levels,parenting styles,family average income per month,family dysfunction,and collective violence(P<0.05).(7)Self-consciousness was associated with grades,gender,neglect and abuse,and collective violence(P<0.05).Conclusions:(1)The incidence of adverse childhood experiences among adolescents reached up to a high level.Adolescents'self-esteem and self-consciousness were in the medium level.(2)Self-esteem was associated with gender,parents'education levels,parents'relationships,main caregivers,parenting styles and family average income per month.Self-consciousness was associated with gender and grades.(3)Adverse childhood experiences had great effects on adolescents'self-esteem and self-consciousness.