Research On Three-dimensional Digital Planning Of Knee Surgery

The knee has a wide range of motion,high requirements for motor function and mechanical performance.There are many opportunities for knee joint to be damaged.Arthroplasty replaces a damaged joint with an artificial prosthesis to restore the mechanical properties of the joint and improve the joint function.However,under the current conditions of traditional surgical techniques,surgeons pay less attention to the differences in individualized surgical data.The preoperative two-dimensional diagnosis has its limitations.The osteotomy angle and osteotomy volume determined which are determined by doctors' experience are subjective and inexact.The use of intramedullary positioning has greater damage,and there is uncertainty in the positioning and installation of artificial prostheses.Therefore,promoting digital medical treatment is conducive to achieving precise medical treatment and minimally invasive operation,It can also improve the quality of surgery and the efficiency of surgery.To ensure the successful implementation of the knee arthroplasty,specific preoperative planning,accurate and effective intraoperative positioning and standardized surgical procedures are required.In this paper,the three-dimensional reduction reconstruction of the lower limb and artificial knee joint prosthesis was performed before the operation.The individualized anatomical shape was combined with the biomechanical design of the precise surgical plan to develop the individualized surgical data system,and the reverse engineering was used to customize the auxiliary surgical guide for the patient.The 3D printing manufacturing provides intraoperative assisted navigation and forms a standardized digital knee surgery procedure.The main research contents are as follows:Firstly,according to the patient's preoperative two-dimensional image data,the three-dimensional digital model of the lower limb space is restored,and the damaged part is used for extraction and feature analysis to make up for the error of the traditional two-dimensional image in analysis and measurement.Establish a three-dimensional digital model of the proportional artificial knee joint prosthesis form the artificial knee joint prosthesis model and parameter digital library,which provides a reliable model basis for the following research and simulation.Secondly,the biomechanical analysis and fitting algorithm of the lower limb force line are studied.The anatomical center is solved by extracting the surfacefeature points,and the main force line is reconstructed for morphological measurement to determine the accurate and reliable osteotomy reference mark.Predict and match the best prosthesis model,resulting in a smaller amount of osteotomy and a higher stability of the prosthesis.Research on rotational positioning to arrive at an individualized rotary alignment solution.The patient's lower limb skeletal model and the artificial knee joint prosthesis simulation assembly are completed,and the amount of osteotomy is determined according to the selected prosthesis thickness,and the precise osteotomy surface position is formed according to the assembly fitting plane,thereby completing the individualized operation planning.Finally,the important parameters and individualized surgical reports of three-dimensional digital knee surgery are proposed,and the individualized surgical data system of total knee arthroplasty is designed and developed to promote the combination of medical work and guide the operation.The reverse engineering,digitization technology and rapid prototyping technology are combined to customize the individualized surgical guide to determine the spatial orientation of the osteotomy plate,the position of the Kirschner wire guide hole,the optimal nail hole size,the guide groove width and position.Boolean operation theory is applied to design the inner surface structure of the osteotomy guide to make it fit stably with the outer surface of the patient's bone to provide accurate intraoperative navigation.Based on the above research content,the individualized standardized surgical procedures and digital total knee arthroplasty techniques are implemented to promote the clinical application of digital orthopedics.The results of the case simulation experiment show that the three-dimensional preoperative planning and guided navigation are feasible and reliable,which can effectively promote the accuracy of joint surgery and the improvement of surgical techniques.