The Research Of Maternal And Child Health Care In Xi'an In The Early Stage Of New China (1950-1959)

In the development of health care in China,the issue of maternal and child health care has been regarded as an important link based on modernity and opening up the future.After the founding of the People's Republic of China,all walks of life were in a state of complete disuse,and people's health care was also facing considerable challenges.In order to ensure the health of the whole nation,the Party and the government,proceeding from the reality of the New China,have determined the health work policy of "giving priority to prevention,facing workers,peasants and soldiers,uniting Chinese and Western medicine".The Xi'an Municipal People's Government resolutely carried out the health work policy determined by the Central Committee.In the work of maternal and child health care,it has established a system of maternal and child health care institutions,actively launched publicity and popularization of the new methods on midwifery and child-rearing,at the same time,paid attention to protecting women's labor and strengthened the prevention and census of women's diseases and so on.All the above work has achieved great results.This article mainly takes the maternal and child health care business in Xi'an City from 1950 to 1959 as the research content.It tries to use the research methods of history,sociology and other disciplines,takes the historical materials of archives,local chronicles and newspapers as the main basis,refers to relevant research works and articles,and combines with some oral materials to systematically review the situation of maternal and child health care in the whole country and Xi'an before the founding of the New China,to discuss in detail the specific practice of maternal and child health care in Xi'an in the ten years after the founding of New China,and to objectively evaluate the effectiveness and shortcomings of its work.Then,wishes its success experiences provide some reference significance and value for today's maternal and child health care work.In addition to the introduction,the full text is divided into four parts.The first part introduces the situation of maternal and child health care work before the founding of New China,which is mainly described from two aspects: the summary of maternal and child health care work in the whole country and the situation of maternal and child health care work in Xi'an.The second part discusses in detail the specific work and practice of maternal and child health care in Xi'an from 1950 to 1959,which mainly discusses the following four aspects: first,the growth of health care institutions system,including the establishment and improvement of health administrative institutions and business institutions.Second,the "production" under the new environment,the main content is to conduct in-depth investigation and research on maternal and child health care,transform the old birth attendant,train the new midwives,publicize the new methods of delivery,promote painless childbirth and regulate the birth.Third,the transformation of childcare work,mainly in the aspects of childcare,participation in and experience of preventive medicine,universal vaccination,publicity of new methods of childcare,establishment and development of various types of childcare institutions.Fourth,emphasizing on women's labor protection.In this work,we should mainly strengthen the protection of working women in rural areas and factories,and pay attention to the investigation and prevention of women's diseases.The third part of the paper takes the maternal and child health practice of Xi'an Maternal and Child Health Institute as a typical case to study.The fourth part of the article is the evaluation and reference experience of maternal and child health care in Xi'an from 1950 to 1959.In this part,the author mainly evaluates the maternal and child health care work in Xi'an and objectively analyses the great achievements of maternal and child health care work in Xi'an,points out the shortcomings in the work,and then,summarizes the successful experience.Finally,wishes its success experiences provide some reference significance and value for today's maternal and child health care work.