The Study On The Relationship Between Children With Autism And Environmental Exposure And Body Metal Levels

Objective:The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between autism and various of environment risk factors in pre-and postnatal,body metal level.Methods:A retrospective investigation was conducted based on special education schools and rehabilitation institutions.316 children with autism and 293 controls studying in some areas of Zhejiang and Anhui province at 2017.08-2018.11 were asked to fill a questionnaire.Samples of children hair and nail were collected,including 103 cases and 102 controls.Logistic regression model was applied to analyze the association between autism and environment risk factors,including pre-and postnatal environmental factors,family habits and traffic air pollution.The metal level of samples was assessed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and atomic absorption spectrophotometer,and were explored its association with autism disorder with logistic regression.Results:For pre-and postnatal environmental factors,prenatal depression increased the risk of children autism(OR=20.804,95%CI=1.969?219.859),while gestational hypertension decreased that(OR=0.300,95%CI=0.103?0.875).And congenital heart disease decreased the risk(OR=0.128,95%CI=0.027?0.602),the same as children who were not all vaccinated(OR=0.388,95%CI=0.167?0.899).In terms of the family habits,mothers who often used microwave ovens had an increased risk of autism in their offspring(OR=1.712,95%CI=1.080?2.713),while increased consumption of spicy food may significantly reduce that(occasional intake:OR=0.461,95%CI=0.270?0.786;frequent intake:OR=0.721,95%CI=0.388?1.341).For traffic air pollution,the closer residential proximity to the major road in the first trimester of pregnancy can increase the risk of autism(<0.29km VS.?1.48km:OR=9.250,95%CI=1.616?52.941;0.29?1.48km VS.?1.48km:OR=4.908,95%CI=1.242?19.394),the same as the closer residential proximity to the major road during the first year after birth(<0.29km VS.?1.61km:OR=2.938,95%CI=1.096?7.871;0.29?1.61km VS.?1.61km:OR=1.436,95%CI=0.612?3.373).On the contrary,the closer residential proximity to the major road in the second trimester of pregnancy can decrease the risk(<0.29km VS.?1.43km:OR=0.136,95%CI=0.024?0.775;0.29?1.43km VS.?1.43km:OR=0.309,95%CI=0.079?1.212).As for the metal analysis,the obtained data demonstrated that children with autism were characterized by significant higher levels of hair lead,nail lead,nail arsenic and nail copper than the control,whereas the level of hair manganese,hair magnesium,hair zinc and hair calcium were significant lower.Logistic analysis showed that higher concentration of hair lead(medium concentration:OR=37.379,95%CI=3.470?402.594;high concentration:OR=12.713,95%CI=1.011?159.790)and nail arsenic(high concentration:OR=7.013,95%CI=1.250?39.346)significantly increased the risk of autism,while hair manganese(medium level:OR=0.081,95%CI=0.018?0.375;high level:OR=0.029,95%CI=0.004?0.189)and nail zinc(medium level:OR=0.153,95%CI=0.024?0.980)in higher concentration can significantly reduce that.Conclusions:Maternal prenatal depression,gestational hypertension,congenital heart disease,vaccine,the usage of microwave oven,the consumption of spicy food,the distance to major road in the first and second trimester of pregnancy and in the first year after birth,and the level of lead,arsenic,manganese and zinc may be related to autism.