| Objectices: We conduct a meta-analysis to investigate the association between dietary protein intake and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus and evaluate its potential dose-response relationship.Methods: Pub Med and EMbase were searched up to December 2016 to identify published and unpublished studies.Studies were included in the review if they were a Observational study examining the relationship between dietary protein intake and type 2 diabetes risk.Random effects models were used to calculate pooled RR and 95% confidence intervals and to incorporate variation between studies.The linear and nonlinear dose-response relations were evaluated with data from categories of protein consumption in each study.Results: 15 reports(twelve for cohort study,three for Cross-sectional study)were eligible for inclusion in the meta-analysis(512655 participants and 37702 incident type 2 diabetes).Higher consumption of total protein and animal protein were significantly associated with a higher risk of type 2 diabetes,pooled RR of type 2 diabetes were 1.12(95% confidence interval 1.07 to 1.18)and 1.21(95% confidence interval 1.12 to 1.31),while higher consumption of vegetable protein was not associated with risk of type 2 diabetes,pooled RR(95%CI)was 0.97(0.93,1.02),I2=0%.However,this effect was different in an analysis stratified by gender,age,region and length of follow-up.Higher total protein intake increases the incidence of diabetes in population of older than 50 years and the male population.Higher vegetable protein decreases in the incidence of diabetes in the female population.We detected a nonlinear relation between total and animal protein consumption and the risk of T2 D,which was identified in all cohorts.Conclusions: Higher consumption of total protein and animal protein were associated with a higher risk of T2 D,whereas vegetable peotein consumption was not related to the risk of T2 D.Changing dietary sources of protein may be important in the prevention of diabetes. |
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