Preparation Of A Nano-and Micro-fibrous Decellularized Scaffold Seeded With Autologous Mesenchymal Stem Cells For Inguinal Hernia Repair

A hernia is defined as the exit of viscera,such as the bowl,through the wall of the cavity or defects in which it normally resides.In clinic,artifial patches were abroadly used for the repairing of the defects which formed in patients abdominal wall.Hernia repair operations are among some of the most commonly performed surgical procedures with an estimate of 500 thousand laparotomies performed annually in China.The majority of inguinal hernias may be successfully repaired utilizing synthetic mesh materials with a reasonable recurrence rate.Tension-free inguinal hernia repair is to reinforce the inguinal canal wall by the clinical available undegradable meshes,which significantly reduce the recurrence rate of traditional inguinal hernia surgery.But,the undegradable meshes often cause the complications such as pain,infection or sperm cord injury.Based on previous studies about abdominal wall hernia or biomaterials preparation,this research aimed to develop a novel decellularized matrix material made from sheep aorta for hernia repair,which achieved by decelluarizing the sheep aorta samples with physical,mechanical processes,biological enzymatic digestion and chemical detergent for removing cellular and protein components and then freeze-dried and sterilized.The decellularized aorta matrix(DA)retained only the extracellular matrix components such as collagen and elastic fibers.The decellularized matrix was in tertiary structure with uniformly organized micro-,submicro-and nanosized fibers and retained the original mechanical strength of fresh artery.This structure provided a suitable tertiary environment for cell adhesion and growth.Moreover,the extracellular matrix can be gradually degraded and absorbed by the organism.Mesenchymal stem cells,also referred to as multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells(MSCs),have first been isolated from bone marrow and characterized as a nonhematopoietic stem cell population with multilineage mesenchymal differentiation potential,which has the ability of self-renewal and multi-directional differentiation,and can differentiate into many kinds of cells in vitro and in vivo.The application of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs)in inguinal hernia repair can significantly reduce immune rejection,prevent organ adhesion and promote tissue regeneration.In order to promote the regeneration of blood vessels,peritoneum and smooth muscle tissue and avoid complications after inguinal hernia repair surgery,we prepared decellularized aorta matrix material,then load autologous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells for the repair of abdominal wall defects.Inguinal hernia rabbit models were treated with TEM or acellular meshes(AlM).After implantation,TEM treated rabbit models showed no hernia recurrence,while AM treated animals displayed bulges in inguinal area.At harvest,TEMs were thicker,less adhesion and stronger mechanical strength compared to AMs(P<0.05).Moreover,TEM showed better cell infiltration,tissue regeneration and neovascularization(P<0.05).Therefore,these cell-seeded DAs with nano-sized fibers have potential for use in inguinal hernioplasty.