| [Objective]Early life is a critical period of growth and development,early life malnutrition can cause the body's physiology and metabolism permanently procedural changes,leading to a variety of chronic non-communicable diseases(referred to as "chronic disease")and neurodegeneration.In order to understand the association between nutrition in early life and chronic disease-related cognitive dysfunction,this study chose subjects from Jincheng City of Shanxi People's Hospital Health Screening Center,by collecting medical data and field survey,using complete sets of tests of cognitive function scale(including the mini-mental state examination and the Montreal cognitive assessment)test combined sub-study of cognitive function to evaluate subjects' cognitive function,enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for levels of the blood and urine inflammatory cytokines and immune function related factors to explore the influence of early life malnutrition exposure on chronic disease,cognitive function in the elderly and its possible mechanism,provide direct data of population studies and new scientific ideas in order to prevent adult health problems caused by the early life malnutrition.[Methods]Field population study1.Subjects1.1 Source of subjectsIn this study,cross-sectional population survey was taken,50 to 65 years' elderly from Jincheng City,Shanxi Province People's Hospital Health Screening Center population as the basis;obtain past medical information of a total of 3186 subjects,a total of 2040 males and females total of 1146 people,the median age(interquartile range)was 53(51,56)years of age.1.2 Grouping of subjectsAccording to the study purpose,select born on October 1,1952(inclusive)to September 30,1964(inclusive)of the study population,according to the date of birth were grouped as follows:(1)Non-exposed group(GO):born on October 1,1962 and later;(2)fetal-exposed group(G1):born between October 1,1959 to September 30,1961;(3)early-childhood exposed group(G2):born between October 1,1956 to September 30,1958;(4)mid-childhood exposed group(G3):born on October 1,1954 to September 30,1956;(5)late-childhood exposed group(G4):born between October 1,1952 to September 30,1954.2.Research methodsPast medical information collected from January 2004 to December 2013 in Jincheng,Shanxi Province People's Hospital Health Screening Center examination from who was born between 1948 and 1963,obtain prevalence of chronic diseases and other information and analysis based on hospital outpatient medical records or medical records.Recruit study subjects from Jincheng in Shanxi Province People's Hospital Health Screening Center,using "one to one" questionnaire to collect basic information and chronic diseases conditions,using of cognitive tests to evaluate cognitive status.In this study,cognitive tests were composed of complete set scale and sub-scale sets scale.Complete sets scales were the internationally accepted scale of cognitive function,including the mini-mental state examination(mini mental state examination,MMSE)and Montreal cognitive assessment(Montreal cognitive assessment,MoCA).The contents of sub-scale test come from the Wechsler memory scale(Gong Yaoxian revised edition),including auditory verbal memory test(AVLT),symbol-digit modalities testtest(SDMT),clock drawing test(CDT),picture recall test(PMT),logical memory test(LMT),digit span test(DST),connection test(trail making test,TMT)and Stroop color word test(SCWT)and so onCrowd biological sample laboratory test1.Collection,processing and storage of biological samplesBlood sample of fasting subjects comply with the study inclusion criteria for the study were taken the morning between 7:00 to 10:00 in the Health Screening Center of Jincheng City,Shanxi Province People's Hospital.Serum samples were collected by professional staff from health screening center using the US company BD 5ml serum separation gel tube.Blood samples were collected and centrifuged at 4?,3000 r/min,8min.Serum samples were separated into 200?l micro-centrifuge tubes;urine samples were collected immediately after the blood samples were collected.Urine samples were collected using the urine collection cup,separated into sterile 15ml centrifuge tube and[centrifuged at 4k,3000 r/min,8min.Sediment was removed and the supernatant was separated into 1.5ml microfuge tubes.The blood and urine samples of this study were collected by professionals from Health Screening Center,Jincheng,Shanxi Province People's Hospital and complete centrifuged,packaging and labeling operations within 2 hours,and quickly save into-80?Detection Indicators and Methods2.1 Detection Indicator2.1.1 Inflammatory markersAccording to experimental purposes,serum inflammatory factor to be detected waschosen as follows:cyclooxygenase-2(cyclooxygenase-2,COX-2),interleukin-6(interleukin-6,IL-6),human cartilage glycoprotein-39(human cartilage glycoprotein-39,YKL-40),high-sensitivity C-reactive protein(high-sensitive C-reactive protein,hs-CRP);urine inflammatory factor to be detected was prostaglandin E2(prostaglandin E2,PGE2).2.1.2 Immune markersThis study selected serum anti-A? oligomers IgG(anti-A? oligomer IgG)for detection.2.2 Detect method:Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)[Results]Effect of cognitive dysfunction associated incidence of chronic malnutrition in early life exposure1.Malnutrition in early life exposure to chronic diseases by analysisIn this study,a total of 3167 subjects' past medical information was collected,a total of 2024 males and 1143 females included,age,gender,body mass index(body mass index,BMI),history of hypertension,diabetes mellitus,dyslipidemia,history,history of coronary heart disease and thyroid disease and other related medical information was collected from Health Screening Center of Jincheng City,Shanxi Province People's Hospital.1.1 Comparison of gender composition between early life malnutrition exposure groupsCompare with non-exposed group(GO),gender composition of early-childhood exposed group(G2)(?2=17.878,P<0.005),mid-childhood exposed group(G3)(?2=24.314,P<0.005)and late-childhood exposed group(G4)(?2=18.192,P<0.005)have statistically significant differences.1.2 Comparison of prevalence of chronic diseases between early life malnutrition exposure groupsPrevalence of hypertension(?2=0.489,P=0.484),diabetes(?2=0.108,P=0.743),hyperlipidemia(?2=0.436,P=0.509),coronary heart disease(?2=0.142,P=0.195)and hypothyroidism(?2=2.293?,?=0.130)of fetal-exposed group's(G1)had no significant difference with the prevalence of non-exposed group(GO);Prevalence of hypertension(?2=0.067,P=0.795),diabetes(?2=1.250,P=0.264),hyperlipidemia(?2=2.340,P=0.126),coronary heart disease(?2=1.782,P=0.182)and hypothyroidism(?2=2.293,P=0.130)of early-childhood exposed group's(G2)had no significant difference with the prevalence of non-exposed group(G0);Prevalence of hypertension(?2=0.193-P=0.660),diabetes(?2=0.262,P=0.609),hyperlipidemia(?2=4.446,P=0.035),coronary heart disease(?2=4.441,P=0.035)and hypothyroidism(?2=6.673,P=0.010)of mid-childhood exposed group's(G2)had no significant difference with the prevalence of non-exposed group(GO);Prevalence of hypertension(?2=0.282,P=0.595),diabetes(?2=0.162,P=0.688),hyperlipidemia(?2=0.647,P=0.421),coronary heart disease(?2=2.558,P=0.110)and hypothyroidism(?2=2.868,P=0.090)of early-childhood exposed group's(G1)had no significant difference with the prevalence of non-exposed group(GO)2.Relevance of prevalence of chronic diseases and early life malnutrition exposure To analyze the relevance of early life malnutrition exposure and prevalence chronic disease,this study chose chronic diseases as dependent variable,grouping of early life malnutrition as independent variable,gender,age,BMI,and prevalence of other chronic diseases as covariate variable to non-exposed group(GO)as a reference Logistic regression analysis was used2.1 Association of early life malnutrition exposure and hypertensionMultivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that,with non-exposed group(GO)as a reference,risk of hypertension of fetal-exposed group(G1)(OR=2.818,95%CI=1.704?4.662,P<0.001),early-childhood exposed group(G2)(OR=2.071,95%CI=1.355?3.166,P<0.001),mid-childhood exposed group(G3)(OR=1.073,95%CI=1.273?2.277,P<0.001)and late-childhood exposed group(G4)(OR=1.367,95%CI=1.047?1.785,P<0.05)increased significantly2.2 Association of early life malnutrition exposure and diabetesMultivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that,with non-exposed group(GO)as a reference,the risk of diabetes of fetal-exposed group(G1)(OR=10.391,95%CI=4.722?22.866,P<0.001),early-childhood exposed group(G2)(OR=4.287,95%CI=2.120?8.670,P<0.001)and mid-childhood exposed group(G3)(OR=1.805,95%CI=1.068?3.051,P<0.05)were significantly higher.2.3 Association of early life malnutrition exposure and hyperlipidemiaMultivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that,with non-exposed group(GO)as a reference,risk of hyperlipidemia of fetal-exposed group(G1)(OR=55.372,95%CI=24.835?123.457,P<0.001),early-childhood exposed group(G2)(OR=19.211,95%CI=9.792?37.690,P<0.001),mid-childhood exposed group(G3)(OR=5.822,95%CI=3.473?9.758,P<0.001)and late children's exposure group(G4)(OR=1.963,95%CI=1.216?3.168,P<0.01)was significantly higher.2.4 Association of early life malnutrition exposure and coronary heart diseaseMultivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that,with non-exposed group(GO)as a reference,the risk of coronary heart disease of fetal-exposed group(G1)(OR=60.119,95%CI=19.976?180.937,P<0.001),early-childhood exposed group(G2)(OR=20.300,95%CI=7.715?53.419,P<0.001)and mid-childhood exposed group(G3)(OR=6.214,95%CI=2.860?13.503,P<0.001)was significantly higher.2.5 Association of early life malnutrition exposure and thyroid diseaseMultivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that,with non-exposed group(GO)as a reference,the risk of thyroid disease fetal-exposed group(G1)(OR=22.369,95%CI=3.276?152.715,P<0.001);mid-childhood exposed group(G3)(OR=5.311,95%CI=1.622?17.390,the risk of P<0.001)was significantly higher.Association of early life malnutrition and chronic disease related cognitive impairment1.Basic information of subjects1.1 Demographic data analysisThis study investigated a total of 883 subjects,gender composition,years of schooling,differences in BMI,age,family history of dementia,the case history of drinking and physical exercise of fetal exposed group(G1),early-childhood exposed group(G2)and mid-childhood exposed group(G3)showed no significant differences with non-exposed group(P>0.005).Years of education of late-childhood exposed group(G4)(Z=-4.798,P<0.001)was significantly lower than non-exposed group(GO).1.1.1 Comparison of basic information of fetal-exposed group(G1)and non-exposed group(GO)Compared with GO group,G1 group's gender(?2=1.433,P=0.231),years of education(H=1.281,P=1.000),family history of dementia(?2=1.296,P=0.255),smoking history(?2=4.011,P=0.045),drinking history(?2=0.006,P=0.936)and physical activity(?2=2.762,P=0.096)showed no significant difference.1.1.2 Comparison of basic information of early-childhood exposed group(G2)and non-exposed group(GO)Compared with GO group,G2 group's gender(?2=0.567,P=0.451),years of education(H=3.333,P=0.009),family history of dementia(?2=0.084,P=0.772),smoking history(?2=3.911,P=0.048),drinking history(?2=0.034,P=0.854)and physical activity(?2=0.947,P=0.330)showed no significant difference.1.1.3 Comparison of basic information of mid-childhood exposed group(G3)and non-exposed group(GO)Compared with GO group,G3 group's gender(?2=0.002,P=0.965),years of education(H=3.037,P=0.024),family history of dementia(?2=0.080,P=0.777),smoking history(?2=1.330,P=0.249),drinking history(?2=1.733,P=0.188)and physical activity(?2=1.127,P=0.288)showed no significant difference.1.1.4 Comparison of basic information of late-childhood exposed group(G4)and non-exposed group(GO)Compared with GO group,G4 group's gender(?2=0.169,P=0.681),family history of dementia(?2=0.117,P=0.732),smoking(?2=0.916,P=0.339),drinking history(?2=0.602,P=0.438)and physical activity(?2=6.694,P=0.010)showed no significant difference;the difference of years of education(H=4.873,P<0.001)was statistically significant1.2 Descriptive Analysis of Chronic Disease1.2.1 Comparison of prevalence of chronic disease between fetal-exposed group(Gl)and non-exposed group(GO)G1 group's prevalence of hypertension(?2=10.140,P=0.006),diabetes(?2=13.409,P=0.001),hyperlipidemia(?2=11.052,P=0.004),coronary heart disease(?2=12.500,P=0.002),hypothyroidism(?2=11.569,P=0.003),gastrointestinal diseases(?2=13.542,P=0.001)and kidney disease(x2=14.990,P=0.001)were significantly higher than group GO;G1 group's prevalence of peripheral vascular atherosclerosis(?2=10.067,P=0.007)showed no statistically significant difference compared with GO group1.2.2 Comparison of prevalence of chronic disease between early-childhood exposed group(G2)and non-exposed group(GO)G2 group's prevalence of diabetes group(?2=13.196,P=0.001),hyperlipidemia(?2=14.002,P=0.001),peripheral vascular atherosclerosis(?2=11.196,P=0.004),coronary heart disease(?2=15.062,P=0.001),hypothyroidism(?2=12.592,P=0.002),gastrointestinal disease(?2=15.774,risk P<0.001)and kidney disease(?2=14.053,P=0.001)were significantly higher than GO group;G2 group's prevalence of hypertension(?2=7.036,P=0.030)showed no statistically significant difference compared with GO group1.2.3 Comparison of prevalence of chronic disease between mid-childhood exposed group(G3)and non-exposed group(GO)G3 group's prevalence of peripheral vascular atherosclerosis(?2=13.259,P=0.001),coronary heart disease(?2=12.523,P=.002)and hypothyroidism(?2=11.052,P=0.004)were significantly higher than GO group;G3 group's prevalence of hypertension(?2=4.053,P=0.132),diabetes(?2=8.353,P=0.015),hyperlipidemia(?2=6.535,P=0.038),gastrointestinal disorders(?2=10.468,P=risk 0.005)and kidney disease(?2=8.844,P=0.012)showed no statistically significant difference compared with GO group.1.2.4 Comparison of prevalence of chronic disease between late-childhood exposed group(G4)and non-exposed group(GO)G4 group's prevalence of hypertension(?2=13.502,P=0.001),diabetes(?2=13.182,P=0.001),hyperlipidemia(?2=13.486,P=0.001),peripheral vascular atherosclerosis(?2=16.140,P<0.001),coronary heart disease(?2=13.955,P=0.001),hypothyroidism(?2=15.274,P<0.001),gastrointestinal disease(?2=13.628,P=0.001)and kidney disease(?2=12.848,P=0.002)showed no statistically significant difference compared with GO group.2.Association between early life malnutrition and cognitive function2.1 Scale cognitive function test scores descriptive analysisIn this study,a total of 10 tests of cognitive function scale tests,including two complete sets of scales and eight sub-tests;as to complete sets of scale,early-childhood exposed group's score of the mini-mental state examination(MMSE)(H=3.138,P=0.017)showed statistically significant differences compared with non-exposed group(GO),and was(P<0.05).Late-childhood exposed group's MMSE score(H=3.424,P=0.006)showed statistically significant differences compared with non-exposed group(GO).Each group's short delayed recall(H=5.128,P=0.274),long delayed recall(H=3.874,P=0.423),Digit Span Test(H=6.477,P=0.166),time for Stroop color word test interference(H=6.261,P=0.180)and correct for Stroop color word test interference(H=5.822,P=0.213)showed was not statistically significant difference between groups(P>0.05).2.1.1 Comparison of sub-test s scores between fetal-exposed group(G1)and non-exposed group(GO)In the symbol-digit modalities test,G1 group(P=0.011)scores significantly higher than the GO group;and in the clock drawing test(?2=4.792,P=0.029),picture recall test(H=0.644,P=1.000),logical memory test(P=0.414)and the trail making test(H=-1.418,P=1.000),G1 group and GO group showed no statistically significant difference.2.1.2 Comparison of sub-test s scores between early-childhood exposed group(G2)and non-exposed group(GO)In the symbol-digit modalities test(P<0.001)and the trail making test(H=-3.250,P=0.012),G2 group scored significantly higher than the GO group;and in the clock drawing test(?2=2.696,P=0.101),picture recall test(H=1.710,P=0.873)and logical memory test(P=0.329),G2 group and GO group showed no statistically significant difference.2.1.3 Comparison of sub-test s scores between mid-childhood exposed group(G3)and non-exposed group(GO)In the symbol-digit modalities test and the trail making test(H=-3.243,P=0.012),G3 group(P<0.001)scores significantly higher than the GO group;and in the clock drawing test(?2=3.997,P=0.046),picture recall test(H=0.482,P=1.000),logical memory test(P=0.660)aspects,G3 group and GO group showed no statistically significant difference.2.1.4 Comparison of sub-test s scores between late-childhood exposed group(G4)and without non-exposed group(GO)sub-scores compareIn symbol-digit modalities test(P<0.001),picture recall test(H=2.862,P=0.042)and the trail making test(H=-4.931,P<0.001)G4 group scores significantly higher than the GO group;and in the clock drawing test(?2=2.687,P=0.101),logical memory test(P=0.263)aspects,G4 group and GO group showed no statistically significant difference2.2 Association of early life malnutrition exposure and the mini-mental state examination scores and global cognitive impairment2.2.1 Correlation analysis of early life malnutrition exposure and the score of mini-mental state examinationUsing multiple linear regression to analyze the association between mini-mental state examination(MMSE)questionnaire scores and early life malnutrition exposure,non-exposed group(GO)as a reference,early life malnutrition exposure as independent variables,MMSE score as the dependent variable,and the adjustment for confounding factors,including sex,BMI,age,family history of Alzheimer's disease,smoking history,drinking history,physical exercise situation,history of hypertension,diabetes mellitus,hyperlipidemia,history,history of peripheral vascular atherosclerosis,coronary heart disease,history of stroke,history of thyroid disease,history of gastrointestinal disease,and history of kidney disease;the results showed that,compare to non-exposed group(GO),early-childhood exposed group's MMSE score was significantly lower(t=-2.010,P<0.05)2.2.2 Correlation analysis of early life malnutrition exposure and global cognitive dysfunctionLogistic regression was used to analyze the correlation between number of global cognitive dysfunction screened by MMSE and early life malnutrition exposure,non-exposed group(GO)as a reference,whether screened as the general cognitive dysfunction as the dependent variable,and adjust confounders.The results showed that global cognitive dysfunction detection rate of fetal-exposed group(OR=0.879,95%CI=0.471?1.638),early-childhood exposed group(OR=1.05 8,95%CI=0.585?1.912),mid-childhood exposed group(OR=0.925,95%CI=0.554?1.546)and late-childhood exposed group(OR=0.674,95%CI=0.391?1.161)was statistically significant with non-exposed group(GO).2.3 Correlation analysis of early life malnutrition and Montreal cognitive assessment score and mild cognitive impairment2.3.1 Correlation analysis of early life malnutrition exposure and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment scoreMultiple linear regression was used to analyze early life malnutrition exposure and score of Montreal cognitive assessment(MoCA),non-exposed group(GO)as a reference,early life malnutrition exposure as a covariate,the MoCA score as the dependent variable multiple linear regression,the adjusted confounding factors include:gender,BMI,age,family history of Alzheimer's,smoking history,drinking history,physical exercise situation,history of hypertension,diabetes mellitus,hyperlipidemia,history,history of peripheral vascular atherosclerosis,coronary heart disease,cerebrovascular history of stroke,history of thyroid disease,history of gastrointestinal disease,and history of kidney disease;the results showed that the score of MoCA of fetal-exposed group(G1)(t=0.719,P=0.473),early-childhood exposed group(G2)(t=-0.517,P=0.605),mid-childhood exposed group(G3)(t=0.680,P=0.497)and late-childhood exposed group(G4)(t=-0.629,P=0.529)showed no statistically significant(P>0.05)with non-exposed group(GO).2.3.2 Correlation analysis of early life exposure to malnutrition and mild cognitive impairmentLogistic regression was used to analyze the correlation of mild cognitive impairment screening by MoCA and early life malnutrition exposure as a reference,whether screened as MCI as the dependent variable,and adjust confounders.The MCI detection rate of fetal-exposed group(G1)(OR=1.084,95%CI=0.672?1.749,P=0.741),early-childhood exposed group(G2)(OR=1.069,95%CI=0.664?1.721,[=0.784),children mid-exposure group(G3)(OR=1.153,95%CI=0.766?1.736,P=0.496)and late-childhood exposed group(G4)(OR=0.983,95%CI=0.649?1.489,P=0.935)showed no significant difference with non-exposed group(GO).2.4 Correlation analysis of early life malnutrition exposure and cognitive sub-scale test2.4.1 Correlation analysis of early life malnutrition exposure and memory-related sub-testIn sub-scale test,auditory verbal memory test,picture memory test,logical memory test and digit span test reflected in memory function.According to score of memory-related sub-test and early life malnutrition exposure,non-exposed group(GO)as a reference,early life malnutrition as a covariate,score of memory-related sub-test as the dependent variable,multiple linear regression was used and confounders were adjusted,adjusted confounders including:gender,BMI,age,family history of Alzheimer's,smoking history,drinking history,physical exercise situation,history of hypertension,diabetes mellitus,hyperlipidemia history,history of peripheral vascular atherosclerosis,coronary heart disease,history of stroke,history of thyroid disease,history of gastrointestinal disease,and history of kidney disease.The results showed that in the five memory-related sub-test scores,the picture memory test score of late-childhood exposed group(G4)was significantly lower(t=-2.182,P<0.05)than non-exposed group(GO);auditory verbal memory test,logical memory test and digit span test scores of early life malnutrition exposed groups(G1,G2,G3,G4)showed no significant difference with non-exposed group(GO).2.4.2 Correlation analysis of early life malnutrition exposure and execute-related sub-test In sub-test,symbol-digit modalities test,clock drawing test,trail making test and color-word interference reflects the ability to execute.According to related score of execute-related sub-test and early life malnutrition exposure,non-exposed group(GO)as a reference,early life malnutrition as a covariate,score of symbol-digit modalities test,trail making test and Stroop color word test as the dependent variable using multiple linear regression,clock drawing test results for dichotomous variables using logistic regression,and adjust confounding factors,confounders include:gender,BMI,age,family history of Alzheimer's,smoking history,drinking history Physical exercise,the history of hypertension,diabetes mellitus,hyperlipidemia,history,history of peripheral vascular atherosclerosis,coronary heart disease,history of stroke,history of thyroid disease,history of gastrointestinal disease,and history of kidney disease.The results showed that the five execute-related sub-test score,each group's symbol-digit modalities test scores and non-exposure group(GO)were no significant difference(P>0.05);trail making test results showed that early-childhood exposed group(G2)(t=2.705,P=0.007),mid-childhood exposed group(G3)(t=2.910,P=0.004)and late-childhood exposed group(G4)(t=3.103,P=0.002)scored significantly higher than non-exposed group(GO)(P<0.05);Stroop color-word test,each exposure group and non-exposed group(GO)was no significant difference on time for Stroop interference effect(P>0.05),early-childhood exposed group(G2),mid-childhood exposed group(G3)and late-childhood exposed group(G4)correct for Stroop interference effect was significantly higher than early life malnutrition exposured group(GO)(P<0.05);clock drawing test results showed that fetal-exposed group's(G1)fail rate was significantly higher than non-exposed group(GO)(OR=2.041,95%Cl=1.200?3.471,P=0.008).Chronic disease caused by early life malnutrition exposure may lead to mild cognitive impairment by immune and inflammatory responses1.Mild cognitive impairment is associated with levels of inflammatory factors In this study,MCI case group's serum cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2,t=-32.76,P<0.001),interleukin-6(IL-6,t=-28.29,P<0.001)human cartilage glycoprotein-39(YKL-40,t=-32.73,P<0.001)were significantly higher(P<0.05).Difference of serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein(hs-CRP)level between the MCI case and the control group was not statistically significant(t=-0.60,P=0.549).MCI case group's urinary prostaglandin E2(PGE2)levels were significantly higher(t=-25.46,P<0.001).2.Mild cognitive impairment is associated with the level of immune factorsThe serum anti-A? oligomers IgG of MCI case group detected in this study was significantly higher(t=-2.615,P=0.013)[Conclusion]1.Early life malnutrition exposure may increase the risk of cognitive-related chronic diseases(including hypertension,diabetes,coronary heart disease,hyperlipidemia,hypothyroidism),leading to chronic diseases related cognitive function impairment.2.Different stages of early life malnutrition exposure may affect different aspects of cognitive function,(1)fetal exposure mainly affects clock drawing test completion rate;(2)early childhood exposure mainly affects the global cognitive function,time-consuming of trail making test,correct for color-word test;(3)mid-childhood exposure mainly affects time-consuming of trail making test and correct for color-word test;(4)the late children's exposure mainly affects the amount of picture memory test,time-consuming of trail making test,correct of color-word test.3.Early life malnutrition exposure may affect the development of chronic diseases related cognitive dysfunction through the mechanism of inflammation or immune injury,leading inflammatory cytokines in biological sample COX-2/PGE2,IL-6/YKL-40 increased and immune factor A? oligomers IgG increased. |
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