Gem Stones Energy Spectrum CT In The Early Diagnosis Of Lung Lesion

Along with the deterioration of the environment pollution and the changes an aging population,lung lesions have showed a trend of diversification,also the incidence of lung cancer has increased.Lung cancer is a malignant disease with serious impact on human health,and its morbidity and mortality is the number one in the malignant tumor,The 5-year survival rate of early lung cancer can be amount to 80%,and the 5-year survival rate of late lung cancer is only 10%.Therefore,if patients with lung cancer get early diagnosis and timely treatment,can greatly improve their survival rate.This article expounds the progress in the application of medical imaging in differentiating lung lesions,and introduces gem energy spectrum with the new method in the differential diagnosis of lung lesions.Precious stones energy spectrum CT with gems as detector materials,can obtain two groups of projection data through a monophyletic instantaneous switching technology to achieve high and low voltage switch quickly,and then reconstructs a total of 101 single image and material separation at the energies ranging from 40 to 140 keV,As a kind of functional imaging,Precious stones energy spectrum CT not only provides lesions morphological information,but also provides many quantitative analysis index.Based on the quantitative analysis of human tissue,precious stones energy spectrum CT has changed the macro research into micro research.Traditional CT relies on the CT value and morphological information mainly for disease diagnosis,and according to the spectral basic experiment,the energy spectrum curve of the salt water and sugar water with the same CT values are not the same.The spectral curve is single energy CT value curve changes with the keV,and it reflects the different X-ray absorption material change with energy,and different material corresponds to the only energy spectrum curve.Therefore,the energy spectrum CT can identify different diseased tissue.It is very difficult to differentiate between benign and malignant lung disease and determine the type and stage of malignant lesions in clinical diagnosis.Ninety patients with lung lesion from January,2014 to March,2016 were investigated,14 patients with benign lesion including 6 patients with inflammatory pseudotumor,5 patients with bronchial mucosal chronic inflammation,2 patients with chronic granulomatous inflammation,and one patient with tuberculosis;76 patients with malignant lesion,including 40 with adenocarcinoma,21 with squamous carcinoma,7 with small cell lung cancer,3 with lymphatic epithelioma carcinoma,1 with gland scale cancer,1 with focal carcinoma in situ;and 3 with undetermined differentiated carcinoma. According to pathological results,all patients were divided into two groups including benign and malignant group,and the later was further divided into three subgroups such as adenocarcinomas,squamous cell carcinomas,and small cell lung cancers.Gemstone spectral imaging(GSI)technology was applied to acquire the spectrum CT data using GE precious stones energy spectrum CT(CT 750 Discovery HD)including routine scan,dual phase enhanced scan in arterial and venous phases,all data were processed by GSI Viewer software,ROI(region of interest)including lesions was determined manually.The routine CT value,CT value of arterial and venous phase,iodine value were obtained and normalized,and slopes of spectrum curves from 40 keV to 90 keV with interval 10 keV were calculated.The independent sample t test was applied to explore the differences of quantitative parameters between compared groups.Experimental results were obtained:(1)The CT values of malignant lesions were significantly higher than those of benign lesions at energies ranging from 40 to 80 keV of the non-conctrast CT scan and from 40 to 100 keV of the arterial phase and from 40 to 80 keV of the venous phase.The normalized iodine concentration,spectral curve slope and CT values of malignant lesions were significantly higher than those of benign lesions.(2)The routine CT values of adenocaricnoma were significantly lower than those of squamous carcinoma at energies ranging from 40 to 70 keV;The CT values of adenocaricnoma were significantly higher than those of squamous carcinoma at energies ranging from 40 to 50 keV of the arterial phase and from 40 to 70 keV of the venous phase;The spectral curve slope and iodine concentration of both arterial and venous phase and the normalized spectral curve slope and normalized iodine concentration of the adenocaricnoma of both arterial and venous phase were significantly higher than those of squamouse carcinoma.(3)The routine CT values of adenocaricnoma were significantly lower than those of small cell lung cancer at energies ranging from 40 to 70 keV;For the venouse phase,the iodine concentration and spectral curve slope of adenocaricnoma were significantly higher than those of small cell lung cancer.This study illustrated that the routine CT values,spectral curve slope and iodine concentration obtained by the energy spectral imaging technology can provide effective information in differential diagnosis of lung benign and malignant lesions,determining the type and stage of malignant lesions.