| Background and purposesThere exist a highly similarity in cardiovascular system,digestive system,and immune system between human body and pig.Therefore,biomedical research using pig has greatly increased.The size of the Bama miniature pig is small.In the case of restricted feeding,the body weight of 1 year old boar and sow was 35 and 40 kg.If they are grazing freely,they can weigh about 50-60kg at the age of 1 year.Their weight at 2 years old can be up to 70-80kg.Therefore,it is of great significance and good market value to cultivate experimental pigs with smaller experimental pigs and good performance in various aspects,with the advantages of convenient operation and low dosage.The weight of ordinary adult miniature pigs in China is 45-65kg,and that of adult miniature pigs is 25-35kg.In the process of undertaking related international cooperation projects,Dongguan Songshan Lake Pearl Experimental Animal Science and Technology Co.,Ltd.found that pigs with some miniature individuals in the group had a half-year weight,body height,body length,and chest circumference of 16.08±2.18kg and 70.24±2.05cm.36.12±0.21cm,61.23±1.44cm,body size tends to be micro.The growth and development process of animals is affected by many complex factors,includinggender,nutrition level,living environment,and genetics factors.In the regulation of growth and development of animals,the growth axis of the growth hormone-releasing hormone-growth hormone-insulin-like growth factor plays a key regulatory role.Therefore,this study established the Bama micro pig family and analyzed the blood physiological and biochemical indicators of the Bama micro pig,and studied the neuroendocrine growth axis pathway to explore the relationship between the neuroendocrine growth axis and its short stature.Methods1.In the process of undertaking related international cooperation projects,Dongguan Songshan Lake Pearl Experimental Animal Science and Technology Co.,Ltd.found that pigs with some miniature individuals in the group had a half-year weight,body height,body length,and chest circumference of 16.08±2.18kg and 70.24±2.05cm.36.12±0.21cm,61.23±1.44cm,body size tends to be micro.Therefore,this part of the miniature individual Bama minipigs was used as the original population.Fourteen males(five males and nine females)had a half-year weight,body height,body length,and chest circumference of 16.08±2.18 kg,70.24±2.05 cm,and 36.12±0.21.Cm,61.23 ± 1.44 cm,for the cultivation of Bama micro pigs.The growth and development indicators were determined monthly and observe its reproductive performance for the Bama minipigs from birth.2.The blood physiological and biochemical indicators of Bama micro pigs and Bama miniature pigs were analyzed.There are 94 Bama micro pigs and 52 Bama miniature pigs.3.Serum GH,IGF-1,and IGF-2 levelsfrom Bama micro pigs and Bama miniature pig bloodwere analisised.30 Bamamicro pigs and 28 Bama miniature pigs.4.81 samples of pig ear tissue were collected for extraction of genomic DNA.There are 57 Bama micro pigs and 24 Bama miniature pigs.Results1.After four years of screening and cultivation,the weights of the fifth-generation Bama miniature pig half-year-old,1-year-old and 2-year-old male and female Bama micro pigs were 8.77±0.42 kg and 9.28±0.43 kg,respectively,and 14.78±0.71 kg and 15.68±0.73 kg respectively.18.65±1.23 kg and 19.98±1.97 kg.Sexual maturation period is 4-6 months,and gestation period is 117.33±2.14 d.The number of pigs born at the beginning of sow production is 4.23±0.73,the number of piglets from the 2 production sows is 6.54±1.33.The number of sows born in sows was 8.08±2.69.Its body weight and body size were lower than those of ordinary Bama miniature pigs of the same gender and age.There was a statistically significant difference in body weight and chest circumference(P<0.05).The weight of the Bama miniature pig is lower than that of the major local breed miniature pigs in China.2.Blood physiological and biochemical test results showed that:Bama miniature pig red blood cell mean hemoglobin content MCH,hemoglobin concentration HGB,red blood cell ratio HCT,average red blood cell volume MCV,red blood cell distribution width standard deviation RDW-SD test results higher than the Bama miniature pig,the difference is Statistical significance(P<0.05).The total cholesterol CHO1 test result was lower than that of the normal Bama minipigs,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).3.The serum GH concentration of the Bama micro pigs from 10 to 13 months,24 to 27 months,and 44 to 48 months of age was lower than that of the normal Bama minipigs.The difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The concentration of IGF-1 in Bama micro pigs of 10-13 months and 44-48 months old was lower than that of ordinary Bama miniature pigs,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Both serum concentrations of GH and IGF-1 in Bama miniature pigs and ordinary Bama miniature pigs showed a trend of increasing with age.4.GH,GHR and IGF-1 gene polymorphism analysis showed that there were 5 SNPs in exons 2 and 3 of GH(GH-2,3)and C?T mutations occurred at 143 pb,182pb G?A mutations occurred at the 270pb site,a T?C mutation occurred,a G?A mutation occurred at 413pb,a G?A mutation occurred at 417pb,and an A?G mutation occurred at 421pb.C143T and G182A caused amino acid variations in the GH protein sequence to be A9V and R22Q,respectively.ConclusionsResearch on the growth and reproduction performance of the fourth and fifth generation Bama miniature pig family showed that the reproduction performance was normal,the body size was small,and the total cholesterol was low compared with the original breeder pigs.Its serum GH,IGF-1 concentration is lower than ordinary Bama miniature pigs.In the polymorphism analysis of the GH,GHR,and IGF-1 genes,two base substitutions(C143T and G182A)in GH-2 and 3 caused amino acid variations(A9V and R22Q). |
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