Prevalence Of Depressive Symptoms And Its Influence Factor Among Key High School Students

Objective To investigate the prevalence of depressive symptoms among key senior high school students and to examine the association of depressive symptoms with attribution style and perfectionism.Methods The cross-sectional survey was conducted among grade one and two students of eight key high schools in north,central and south of Anhui province according to geographic characteristics.Through stratified cluster sampling,2768 students completed survey with questionnaire which included social demographic characteristics,academic achievement,depressive symptoms,obsessive-compulsive symptoms(OCS),anxiety symptoms,perfectionism and attribution style.Epi Data 3.1 software was use to establish a data-base,then,SPSS 13.0 and Amos 7.0 to be use to analyze data.The statistical analytic procedures in this survey included frequency distribution,t test,Chi-Square test,Logistic Regression Analysis,Generalized linear regression analysis and structural equation modeling(SEM).Results Of 2768 participants,the proportions of the students with depressive symptoms(CES-D?21)and severe depressive symptoms(CES-D?26)were 48.4%(1339/2768)and 29.7%(823/2768),respectively.Of students with depressive symptoms,24.9%(333/1339)had OCS,57.8%(774/1339)had with anxiety symptoms,and 17.2%(231/1339)had both symptoms.The results from generalized linear models showed that depressive symptoms were significantly related to female students,living in rural,residing south location and bad academic achievement.In addition,students with higher score of permanent bad,of pervasiveness bad and lower score of personalization bad in the attribution style and higher negative perfectionism score could increase the risk of depressive symptoms among key high school students.Additionally,the results of analysis by structural equation model indicated that perfectionism had significant direct effects and indirect effects which through academic achievements on depressive symptoms,average effect value were-0.31(95%CI=-0.47~-0.27,P<0.05)and-0.04(95%CI=-0.05~-0.03,P<0.05)respectively for positive perfectionism,and 0.53(95%CI=0.48~0.58,P<0.05)and 0.02(95%CI=0.01~ 0.03,P<0.05)respectively for negative perfectionism.Attribution style partially mediated between academic achievement and depressive symptoms,the standardized indirect effect is-0.025(P<0.05).Academic achievements had direct effect and indirect effect which through pervasiveness and personalization dimensions of attributional styles on depressive symptoms,average effect value were-0.20(95%CI=-0.31~-0.09.P<0.05)and-0.02(95%CI=-0.03~-0.01,P<0.05)accordingly.Conclusion Depressive symptoms were common among key senior high school students and co-morbid rates with obsessive-compulsive and anxiety symptoms are very high,thus calling for mental health promotion targeting on strengthening positive perfectionism,culturing optimistic attributional styles for negative events,as well as providing socio-psychological supporting for key senior high school students.Objective To know the incidence of depression,anxiety and obsessive compulsive symptoms and to examine effects of psychological resilience,perfectionism and parental rearing style on these symptoms among students in key high school.Methods A total of 1417 students without depression,anxiety and obsessive compulsive symptoms identified by CES-D,SAS and Y-BOCS participated in assessment of psychological resilience,perfectionism and parental rearing style at the beginning of grade one and after 1 year later at the beginning of grad two,they were evaluated symptoms of depression,anxiety and obsessive compulsion again in a key high school.Results One year follow-up Survey among grad one students showed that incidence of one of depression,anxiety and obsessive compulsive symptoms was 19.6%(278/1417).The scores of mental resilience,father and mother emotional warmth among students with emotional symptoms(112.10 ± 13.51,56.40 ± 12.85 and 58.43 ± 11.70)were lower than those scores among students without emotional symptoms(115.87 ± 13.29,58.78 ± 13.01 and 60.34 ± 11.85);In the aspect of positive perfectionism dimensions,there was not significant different of scores of emotional symptoms between students with and without emotional symptoms(75.86±10.12 and 75.85±9.12),but in the negative perfectionism dimension,students with emotional symptoms scored higher than those without emotional symptoms(59.78±10.19 and55.97±9.77).The results from Logistic regression indicated that lower scores of resilience scale and father's emotional warmth in Egna Minnen Barndoms Uppfostran and higher score of negative perfectionism were risk factors of emotional symptoms among high school students.Conclusion: The incidence of depression,anxiety or obsessive compulsive symptoms was almost one fifth among grade one students in key high school,calling for strategies to strengthen students' psychological resilience and to reduce their negative perfectionism.