Study On Growing Of The Main Vegetables And Application Of New Cultivars In Yangling Demonstration Zone

Yangling is the location of China's first high-tech demonstration zone for agricultural industry.Vegetables are indispensable and important food in people's daily life.Analyzing the current situation and problems of vegetable planting and new varieties application in Yangling demonstration zone is of great significance to the development of vegetable industry and leading demonstration.In this study,questionnaire survey,expert consultation,official website inquiry,analysis and induction were used to analyze the current situation,achievements and existing problems of main vegetable planting and new variety breeding and application in Yangling.Finally,corresponding suggestions were put forward to solve the problems.The main results are as follows.(1)Achievements and problems of vegetable planting in Yangling demonstration area:The planting area of protected vegetables in Yangling Demonstration Zone has increased year by year,and the technology has been continuously improved.Solanum melongena is the largest in planting area,with an average of 1067.2 m~2 tomatoes per household,all of which are cultivated mainly in greenhouse.The input and economic benefits of different kinds of vegetables vary greatly.The average cost of tomato cultivation is about 3,460 yuan/667m~2,and the average income is about 22,400 yuan/667m~2.Leaf vegetables have the smallest planting area.The major problems in vegetable planting are:First of all,the cost of agricultural materials is too high and the risks are relatively high.Secondly,serious diseases and insect pests exist.In addition,the vegetable types cultivated are very limited and the phenomenon of blindly following is serious.(2)Achievements and problems in breeding and application of vegetable varieties in Yangling Demonstration Zone:There are great differences in variety approval and popularization and application between scientific research institutions and enterprises.During the past 9 years,the horticultural college of northwest A&F university has approved78 new varieties,while that of Xi'an Jinpeng Seedlings Co.,Ltd was about 66.However,the promotion rate of the former is only 24.4%,while that of the latter is 42.4%.This indicates that scientific research institutions attach importance to examination and approval,while enterprises attach more importance to application.Therefore,it is necessary to set up relevant organizations to drive the synchronous development of variety approval and popularization and application,so as to realize the maximum benefit of variety breeding.In addition,more than 90%of the vegetable varieties in Yangling demonstration area come from other places,and only about 10%come from local places.This indicates that the application and promotion rate of local varieties is relatively low,and it is necessary to speed up the quality improvement and promotion of vegetable varieties.(3)Suggestions on vegetable planting in demonstration areas:(1)The government should give financial support to farmers within the policy scope in terms of agricultural investment as much as possible to reduce the input of farmers'production,and protect farmers'enthusiasm for planting vegetables;(2)Strengthen the systematic training of vegetable production technology to enhance farmers'awareness and technical level;(3)Adopt the joint management mode of"enterprise-cooperatives-farmers"to reduce the high cost risk of farmers in agricultural production;(4)Experts and professors related to planting in A&F universities provide scientific and technological assistance and technical guidance to farmers by means of anti-poverty practice;(5)Reward growers with outstanding planting achievements and invite them to teach other farmers planting experience and lessons,so as to lead farmers with weak technology to develop together.Suggestions for variety breeding and application:(1)Establish relevant institutions to realize the organic connection between scientific research departments,planting R&D and sales units and farmers,and realize the rapid popularization and application of scientific research results;(2)government departments increase support for breeding units and encourage breeders to increase scientific research and select more new vegetables varieties according to local production conditions;(3)Support the demonstration park to introduce more high-quality cultivated varieties to carry out large-scale cultivation demonstration and promotion,thus to guide farmers to know and love more new vegetable varieties;(4)Strengthen the management of existing vegetable varieties,conduct general survey and registration in time,master their characteristics and disease resistance,and promote new varieties of high-quality and high-yield vegetables through screening;(5)Establish a perfect variety supervision mechanism,grasp the development trend of varieties,create a good atmosphere for the breeding of new vegetable varieties,and ensure the interests of breeders.This study analyzed the current situation of vegetable industry development,and variety selection and application in Yangling demonstration area.Also,the problems existing were described,and relative suggestions were put forward,which can improve the theoretical basis for the development direction of vegetable industry in Yangling.