Impact Of Ecological Compensation And Collective Action On The Adoption Of Soil And Water Conservation Technology By Farmers In The Loess Plateau

The Loess Plateau area is located in the northwestern part of China,with a harsh natural environment.It is the region with the most serious soil erosion in China.Severe soil erosion restricts the green and sustainable development of society and economy,and leads to increasing poverty and environmental problems.Therefore,promoting soil and water conservation technologies and increasing the adoption of soil and water conservation technologies in the Loess Plateau are particularly important for maintaining ecological balance and solving the problem of soil and water loss.As a "quasi-public product",soil and water conservation technology will not only generate private economic benefits,but also bring positive social benefits.Some studies have found that due to the special attributes of soil and water conservation technologies,collective action and ecological compensation are important factors affecting farmers’ adoption of soil and water conservation technologies,and they should have a significant role in promoting the adoption of soil and water conservation technologies.So how do collective actions and ecological compensation specifically affect the adoption of different types of soil and water conservation technologies by farmers? And,will ecological compensation play a regulating role in the path of collective action affecting the degree of adoption of various soil and water conservation technologies by farmers? In order to solve these problems,this article takes the Loess Plateau as an example to analyze and investigate the impact of collective action and ecological compensation on the degree of adoption of various soil and water conservation technologies by farmers,and explore the adjustment of ecological compensation in collective action affecting the degree of adoption of various soil and water conservation technologies by farmers.Explore whether there is a difference in the impact of collective action and ecological compensation on the degree of adoption of various soil and water conservation technologies by farmers,and improve the effectiveness of policy formulation,which is of great significance for the promotion of soil and water conservation technologies.From the perspectives of collective action and ecological compensation,this article separately explores the impact of collective action and ecological compensation on the adoption of various types of soil and water conservation technologies for farmers and the adjustment effect mechanism of ecological compensation.To provide theoretical basis and empirical support for improvement of the adoption of soil and water conservation technology.First,the related concepts involved in this article are defined and theoretically analyzed.Sort out domestic and foreign literature on technology adoption,ecological compensation,and collective action.Explain the public product theory,externality theory,and farmer technology adoption theory one by one,and provide theoretical basis for this article.Secondly,analyze the current status and problems of soil and water conservation technology adoption in the Loess Plateau;use the proportion of labor to characterize collective action,the amount of ecological compensation and the duration of ecological compensation to represent ecological compensation,the Tobit model is used to empirically analyze the impact of collective action and ecological compensation on the degree of farmers’ adoption of soil and water conservation technologies.Finally,the interaction items of collective action,ecological compensation,and collective action and ecological compensation are layered into the Tobit model,and the empirical analysis of the effects of ecological compensation on the degree of adoption of various soil and water conservation technologies by farmers in collective action is empirically analyzed.Based on the research content of the previous five chapters,the paper draws the following specific conclusions:(1)In the Loess Plateau,the soil erosion phenomenon is very serious;farmers are relatively conservative,have only a single channel for obtaining information resources,and obtain resources mainly through social networks;farmers have knowledge of soil and water conservation technologies Insufficient,little understanding of the specific connotation requirements of related ecological compensation policies;farmers are not very active in technology adoption.At present,the adoption of soil and water conservation technologies mainly has problems such as inadequate implementation of policies,low matching with farmers ’needs;low return on technology investment,low enthusiasm for farmers’ adoption;fragile ecological environment,and weak environmental protection awareness of farmers.(2)This paper takes terrace,afforestation and furrow cultivation technology as the main researched soil and water conservation technologies.The ecological compensation variable and the ecological compensation period are used to represent the ecological compensation variable,and the labor input ratio is used to represent the collective action variable.The results of the study found that the amount of ecological compensation and the duration of ecological compensation had significant positive effects on terraced,afforestation and furrow tillage technologies;collective action also had significant positive effects on terraced,afforestation and furrow tillage technologies.(3)This paper further analyzes whether ecological compensation has a regulating effect on the relationship between collective action and the degree of farmers’ adoption of soil and water conservation technologies.The results of the study found that ecological compensation has a regulating effect on the relationship between collective action and the degree of farmers’ adoption of soil and water conservation technologies.However,different types of soil and water conservation technologies have different adjustment directions.It has a positive regulation effect on labor-intensive soil and water conservation technologies such as terraces,and a negative regulation effect on capital-intensive water and soil conservation technologies such as afforestation and furrow cultivation.Based on the specific conclusions drawn by the research in this article,the following policy recommendations are proposed in order to provide reference value for the government’s subsequent soil and water conservation work:(1)Strengthen the propaganda and education of farmers and improve their technical cognition;(2)Improve the collective action mechanism and the collective organization structure;(3)Refine ecological compensation standards and improve ecological compensation policies;(4)Improve the relevant legal system and give play to the role of market financing.