Effects Of Zn Fertilizer And Several Growth Regulators On Yield And Quality Of Maize

[Object]Zinc?Zn?is involved in the synthesis of a variety of enzymes in crops and affects a variety of physiological activities of crops.Zn application can promote crop growth and development and improve crop yield and quality.However,for a long time,agricultural production in China has focused on the application macronutrient fertilizers while neglecting the supplement of zinc fertilizers.In order to continuously and steadily obtain higher yields,it is a necessary agronomic measure to alleviate the lack of Zn nutrition in crops through appropriate methods.Compared with other cereal crops,maize has high biomass and grain yield potential,and is sensitive to Zn deficienty.Growth regulators?humic acid and alginic acid?can combine with Zn through chelation or adsorption to promote Zn absorption in crops.In this paper,seed soaking with growth regulators,foliar spraying of different growth regulators and Zn fertilizer were studied to explore the best concentration of growth regulators and Zn fertilizer.On this basis,the effects of spraying different growth regulators,Zn spraying period and times,and combined spraying of Zn Fertilizer and growth regulators on the growth and development,yield,quality and economic benefits of drip irrigation maize in Tacheng area were studied.It provides a theoretical reference for the efficient utilization of foliar fertilization in practical production.[Method]The germination experiment was conducted in the Oasis Eco-agriculture Laboratory of Shihezi University in 2017,the pot experiment was conducted in the experiment station of the Agricultural College of Shihezi University in 2018,and the field trial was conducted in the Unity Farm of the9th Division of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps in 2019.In 2017,different humic acid type?HA₁:potassium humate,HA₂:nitrohumic acid,HA₃:nitrohumic acid potassium,HA₄:sodium humate,HA₅:ammonium humate,HA₆:nitroammonium humate,HA₇:Yunnan potassium fulvic acid,HA₈:red soil potassium fulvic acid?at different humic acid soaking concentrations?50,200,500,1500,3000,5000?g/mL?in seed soaking experiment.Maize variety was Xinyu 64?Zea Mays L.XY64?.In 2018,different concentrations of growth regulators and Zn fertilizers?potassium fulvic acid?HA?:200,400,600,800?g/mL;alginic acid?SA?:100,200,300,400?g/mL;Zn sulfate?Zn?:150,250,350,450?g/mL?foliar spray test.Maize variety was Xinyu 64.On the basis of the results of the 2018 experiment,the best concentration of each treatment was selected for combined spraying in 2019,and the specific combination method was Zn+SA,Zn+HA,SA+HA and Zn+SA+HA.Maize variety was Xinyu 109.[Result]?1?Compared with CK,the germination rate and germination potential of maize treated with 50?g/mL HA₇ increased by 28.40%and 11.77%respectively,and the effect of promoting seedling growth was the best.It was the most suitable treatment for promoting maize germination and growth under 8 humic acid varieties and different seed soaking concentrations.?2?Compared with CK,among the growth regulators and zinc fertilizer spraying treatments,400?g/mL HA,200?g/mL SA and 250?g/mL Zn had better performance,and peroxidase activity increased by 20.48%,14.76%and 29.52%respectively,and aldolase activity increased by 15.07%,5.50%and 15.94%,respectively.Carbonic anhydrase activity increased by 8.32%,4.87%and 10.20%respectively,and biomass accumulation increased by 31.33%,12.46%and 35.53%,respectively.After spraying growth regulators and Zn fertilizer,the resistance index of maize was improved,and the growth and development of maize was promoted,and the photosynthesis and biomass accumulation of maize were affected,from which the best spraying concentration of each material was selected.?3?Compared with CK,spraying growth-regulating substances at V₈ and V₁₂ stages can increase plant nitrogen metabolism enzyme activity and antioxidant capacity.At 80 d after maize emergence,compared with CK treatment,the activities of NR,GS and GDH in leaves under humic acid treatment were increased by 16.19%,27.15%and 27.66%respectively.The activities of NR,GS and GDH in leaves under alginic acid treatment were increased by 3.47%,3.02%and 6.38%,which is beneficial to plant nitrogen accumulation and thus increase maize yield.Spraying Zn sulfate can increase the biomass accumulation of maize and slow down the leaf senescence.At 140 d after maize emergence,biomass accumulation,chlorophyll content,and leaf area index under Zn sulfate treatment increased by 16.28%,24.16%,and 3.91%,respectively,compared with CK treatment,which was beneficial to increase Zn content in maize and yield.Compared with CK treatment,the yield of humic acid,alginic acid and Zn sulfate treatment increased by 8.21%,1.27%and 15.47%,respectively.?4?Compared with CK treatment,the maximum dry matter accumulation rates of Zn₃₀,Zn₅₀ and Zn₃₀₊₅₀ treatments increased by 12.03%,15.54%,and 24.68%,respectively.At the same time,leaf NR activity,chlorophyll content,and leaf area index were increased,thereby increased maize dry matter accumulation.Comparing the effects of different Zn spraying periods and times on maize yield,it was found that Zn spraying once in the V₁₂ period was the best Zn fertilizer application method suitable for maize in Tacheng area.Zn spraying once in the V₁₂ period reducing the spraying cost,and effectively increasing the Zn content and yield of maize grains.Compared with CK treatment,it was improved by 12.93%.?5?The compound formula spraying treatment improved the yield quality of maize and the partial productivity and economic benefits of fertilizer.Compared with CK treatment,the yields of Zn+SA,Zn+HA,SA+HA and Zn+SA+HA treatments increased by 14.70%,16.61%,10.91%,and 17.22%,respectively;Soluble sugar content increased by 31.61%,32.77%,18.12%,and 33.15%respectively;Starch content increased by 8.43%,8.75%,2.71%,and 8.85%;Crude protein content increased by4.82%,5.28%,1.79%and 5.35%respectively;net income increased by 3513,4018,2605 and 4118yuan/hm² respectively.[Conclusion]HA₇ treatment promotes germination and seedling growth of maize,and is the best humic acid variety among the eight humic acids.Under drip irrigation,400?g/mL of HA and 200?g/mL of SA were sprayed on leaves at V₈ and V₁₂ stages,which could increase the activity of nitrogen metabolism enzymes and plant antioxidant capacity,promote plant nutrient absorption and increase maize yield.Spraying 250?g/mL Zn sulfate can increase photosynthetic products and biomass accumulation by increasing maize leaf area index and chlorophyll content,thereby increasing maize yield.The V₁₂ stage is a key period for spraying Zn contributed to the increase of plant biomass accumulation and leaf chlorophyll content,slowed down the speed of leaf senescence in the later growth stage of maize,and thus increased the grain zinc accumulation and yield of maize.The compound Zn fertilizer formula?Zn+SA,Zn+HA and Zn+SA+HA?was better than the combination formula of growth-only substances?SA+HA?,and Zn+SA+HA treatment was the best.Spraying compound Zn fertilizer can effectively increase economic benefits on the premise of improving maize yield and quality.