Study On Stopover Habitat Selection Of Siberian Crane(Grus Leucogeranus) During Migration In Songnen Plain Nature Reserves

Songnen Plain,as one of the three great plains in northeast China,belongs to the temperate continental semi-arid semi-humid monsoon climate.The region contains many lakes and marshes,which are the main areas of wetland distribution in China.There are many nature reserves in Songnen Plain,among which zhalong nature reserve,momoge nature reserve and xianghai nature reserve wetlands are listed in the list of international important wetlands,and their ecological value has attracted wide attention.As a rare and endangered bird,98%of the Siberian crane population migrates and stops in Songnen Plain.The research on stopover habitat selection during its resting period is beneficial to the effective management of Siberian crane and its stopover habitat.In 2018 and 2019,from the end of march to the beginning of may and from the end of September to the end of October,Siberian crane were distributed in the Songnen Plain in momog nature reserve,tumuji nature reserve,xianghai nature reserve and zhalong nature reserve.The distribution and habitat of Siberian crane were investigated by means of line-intercept method,site-fixed point observation method,synchronous observation method,two-dimensional coordinate method,factor measurement method and quadrat method.The following results were obtained.1、Siberian crane migration stops in 4 nature reserves of Songnen Plain,among which momoge nature reserve and tumuji nature reserve are the main distribution areas of Siberian crane.In the spring migration period of 2018-2019,the distribution of Siberian crane in Songnen Plain nature reserves were ranked as follows:momoge nature reserve>tumuji nature reserve>xianghai nature reserve>zhalong nature reserve.During the autumn migration period of 2018-2019,the distribution of Siberian crane in Songnen Plain nature reserves were ranked as follows:tumuji nature reserve>momoge nature reserve>xianghai nature reserve>zhalong nature reserve.2、The main stopover habitats of spring migration is reed marsh,farmland and grassland meadow;The main stopover habitats of autumn migration is reed marsh,grassland meadow and farmland.Siberian crane mainly feeds on corn and beans during spring migration,while Siberian crane mainly feeds on corn during autumn migration.3、The comparative analysis of stopover habitat selection between spring and autumn shows that there are significant differences in vegetation height,vegetation density,distance from farmland,distance from road,distance from residential area and humidity.In the spring and autumn migration period,Siberian crane chose low vegetation height,small diameter of vegetation,low vegetation density,low vegetation coverage,and close to farmland and open water.The stopover habitat water level is higher in autumn migration period than in spring migration period,and the distance between autumn migration period and road and human disturbance is closer.4、The main factors influencing the stopover habitat selection of Siberian crane migration in spring are food factors and human disturbance factors,followed by water factors,covert factors and topographical and climatic factors.In autumn,the main factors affecting the stopover habitat selection of Siberian crane migration are water factors,human disturbance factors and food factors,as well as topographical and climatic factors,covert factors and vegetation characteristics factors.