The Occurrence And Control Measures About Diseases And Pests Of Three Main Crops In Wuwei City

Crop diseases and pests are the main restricting factors about the yield and quality of crops.The crop planting efficiency has a great relationship with the occurrence of diseases and pests.Due to the deterioration of the climate and changes of farmland ecosystems,which bright complex impacts on the prevention and control of crop diseases and pests,and threaten the high-quality development of local agriculture seriously.In this study,the occurrence and damage about pests and diseases of the main crops(including wheat,rice and cotton)in Wuwei City from 2016 to 2019 was investigated.the occurrence regularity was analyzed.The comprehensive prevention and control measures and relative effectiveness were investigated.Which has important theoretical and practical significance for the food security and development of high-quality agriculture in Wuwei City.The main results are as follows:1.The main crop of in Wuwei City is rice,wheat and cotton,and the planting area of rice is the largest.From 2016 to 2019,the average planting area of rice in Wuwei City is about 55,300 hm2 and the average control area of diseases and pests is 322,000 hm2.The planting area of wheat is about 10,000 hm2 and the control area is 34,700 hm2,cotton is about 2,000 hm2 and control area is 24,700 hm2.2.During the survey period,main rice diseases are rice sheath blight,rice false smut and rice blast.Main pests are rice leaf roller,rice planthopper,and rice borer.The average occurrence area of rice diseases is 74,200 hm2 and the occurrence area of pests is 110,100 hm2.In Wuwei City,some measures were used to control rice diseases and pests,such as reasonable rotation and stubble,the average recovery of rice loss is 32312.92 t every year.3.The main wheat diseases are wheat head scab,wheat stripe rust,wheat powdery mildew,sharp eye spot of wheat,and the main pest is wheat aphid.Among them,average occurrence area of wheat diseases is 13,700 hm2;the occurrence area of pests is 3,200 hm2.Planting highly susceptible varieties,sufficient sources of invasive bacteria,and more rainy weather will all cause the occurrence of wheat diseases and pests.The prevention and control of wheat diseases and pests are mainly based on crop rotation and pesticide control.Through the above control measures,the average recovery of wheat loss is 2270.75 t every year.4.Cotton diseases and pests mainly are including cotton seedling diseases,Fusarium wilt of cotton,cotton bollworm,cotton spider mite,cotton aphid,and cotton plant bug.According to the investigation,the average occurrence area of cotton diseases is 2,700 hm2;the area of pests is 19,500 hm2.Accroding to selecting corresponding disease-resistant cotton varieties and strengthen chemicalcontrol.Through the above control measures,the average recovery of cotton loss is 90.89 t.