Difference Of Seed Reserve Utilization Efficiency During Seed Germination And Genome-wide Association Study In Maize Inbred Lines

Robust seedlings with greater resilience and ability to compete with weeds,better able to cope with biotic and abiotic stresses,are important for increasing crop yield.In this study,some of the backbone of maize seed production in China was selected as a self-crossing line to analyze the environmental factors affecting the seed reserve utilization efficiency.Genetic characterization and physiological characterization of seed reserve utilization efficiency were performed using 222 self-intercrossing lines,and genome-wide association analysis was used to find relevant candidate genes.The results of the study are as follows.1.The study clarified that different factors affect the seed material conversion rate of maize autotrophic lines by internal and external factors and that different materials are affected differently.Using Zheng 58,Chang 7-2 and PH4 CV as test materials,the total reserve conversion rate of small-grain seeds was found to be greater than that of large-grain seeds;at the same time,the total reserve conversion rate of high-energy seeds was higher than that of low-energy seeds.In the range 15-30 °C,the total reserve conversion rate increased with increasing temperature;at the same time,the total reserve conversion rate increased with increasing light time;the total reserve conversion rate of different materials responded differently to the water content of the sand bed;and the total reserve conversion rate decreased with increasing salt concentration.2.Seed reserve utilization efficiency is a complex trait susceptible to the influence of the seed production environment,through the correlation analysis of seed vigor,grain morphology,composition and seed reserve utilization efficiency of 222 seeds of the self-intercrossing system,the correlation between the high or low seed reserve utilization efficiency and seed vigor,grain thickness,powder rate,and keratin,keratin rate and absolute oil of the seed grain showed a very significant negative correlation.3.By searching for and determining the activity of certain enzymes related to seed reserve utilization efficiency,such as amylase,sucrose synthase,antioxidant enzymes and dehydrogenase,and performing multivariate linear regression on their relationship with seed reserve utilization efficiency,it was found that seed reserve utilization efficiency was mainly related to the amount of TTCH in 36 h embryos,and then the two were subjected to the proposed combined knock-out outliers,which resulted in y = 1.4186 x + 0.0266(R2 = 0.9321),a conclusion that still requires a large amount of material for secondary validation.Based on our findings,rapid evaluation criteria for seed reserve utilization efficiency are proposed.4.A number of molecular markers associated with the seed reserve utilization efficiency in autocross lines were identified through genome-wide association analysis,and the important markers were annotated using bioinformatics analysis.At the same time,the functions of both candidate genes are focused on six main categories of transcriptional regulation,carbohydrate metabolism,energy metabolism,resilience,other,and unknown pathways.