Development And Eperiment Of Organic Fertilizer Strip-spreader For Orchard

With the emphasis on health and sustainable development,the organic agricultural products have become a development trend,the organic fertilizer market is growing,and a large number of organic waste such as slag,manure and biogas residue are not effectively utilized.It poses a great pollution hazard to the environment,and these wastes are important soil carbonaceous materials.The application of organic fertilizer can improve soil quality and soil fertility,solve soil compaction caused by chemical fertilizer application,soil acidification and many other problems.At present,the application of organic fertilizer in orchard relies on labor,and there is no machinery that can be applied to orchard organic fertilizer application.In this paper,through the agronomic investigation of the dwarf orchard in the northwest region,combined with the orchard fertilization method,an Organic Fertilizer Strip-spreader for Orchard was developed based on the orchard straw mulching machine,which can carry out the organic fertilizer according to the row width and ditch distance of the fruit trees.The sulcus is applied or stripped,and the strip test of the slag and the decomposed cow dung is carried out.The research results are as follows:(1)The width of the dwarf orchard field is 2.0~2.5m.The width of the Covering machinery is 2m.The width of the car body is easy to damage the fruit trees,and the width of the Strip-spreader is reduced to 1.7m.The Strip-spreader has improved the squeegee mechanism,the transmission mechanism of the squeegee and the hydraulic system.The Strip-spreader is composed of a set of scrapers,which solves the problems of covering machine scraper deformation and uneven feeding,ensuring continuous discharge of the discharge opening.Proposing driving front,chain transmission and Drive the rear-mounted three transmission technical solutions,and determine the driving front-mounted scheme through comparison and demonstration.The Strip-spreader solves the oil returning back pressure problem of the covering hydraulic system by the method of separating the hydraulic motor oil passage and the hydraulic cylinder oil passage,and the improved hydraulic system can carry 5 hydraulic motors and 4 hydraulic cylinders.The hydraulic cylinder oil circuit contains 1 floating position.(2)Aiming at the problem of fertilization of orchard organic fertilizer,two technical schemes of slide type Strip-spreader and retractable spiral type Strip-spreader are proposed.After the scheme comparison,the retractable spiral type scheme is determined.The scheme is mainly carried out by a pair of transversely mounted retractable spiral conveyors.The device is constructed and attached to cover the rear part of the Covering machinery.It can fertilize the synchronous strips on both sides of the row.The spacing of the strips(ditch)can be adjusted from 1.7m to 2.5m.It is convenient for row-to-groove,simple and reliable structure,suitable for Fertilization in orchards with different row spacing and different trench spacing.The amount of fungus residue and decomposed cow dung can reach 156.7tons/hm~2 and 85.5 tons/hm~2.(3)The designed Strip-spreader is laterally attached to the rear of the vehicle.Through the design calculation and EDEM,the main components are simulated and analyzed.It is determined that the end double helix is transported,the helical pitch is250mm,the spiral diameter is 250mm,and the spiral cutting capacity reaches 5.89t/h;the front and rear side walls of the U-shaped expansion groove are raised and the rectangular feed opening can improve the anti-blocking and cutting ability of the machine.(4)Processing and assembling the Strip-spreader,the average value of the following materials is the evaluation standard,and the pre-test and single-factor test are carried out with the decomposed slag as the test material.The results show that the speed is in the range of 0.6km/h~1.4km/h.Within the unit,the amount of material to be discharged decreases with the increase of the vehicle speed;the speed of the unloading mechanism is in the range of 20r/min to 80r/min,and the amount of material to be fed per unit time increases with the speed of the unloading mechanism.(5)It is found that the moisture content of the boiled cow manure is too high,which will lead to the blockage problem.The test results of the decomposed cow manure moisture content show that when the moisture content of the decomposed cow manure exceeds63.3%,the decomposed cow dung will block in the trough,not Normal unloading;the Strip-spreader can adapt to the slag and the moisture content of less than 62.1%of the decomposed cow dung,and the amount of slag and decomposed cow dung can reach 156.7tons/hm2 and 85.5 tons/hm2 respectively.(6)The following averages are the two-factor and three-level orthogonal tests of0.8km/h~1.2km/h vehicle speed and 20r/min~50r/min feeding mechanism rotation speed,respectively,and establish the amount of slag dropping and the mature cattle.The model of manure discharge quantity,the regression coefficient of the residue of the residue is determined by the coefficient R~2=0.9603,and the coefficient of regression of the decomposed cow dung regression equation is R~2=0.8790,which can be used for the prediction of the cutting amount,indicating that the stripping machine can adapt to a variety of manure strips or trenches.The application amount is uniform,and the operation quality meets the production needs.